refactor: 观测层双轴正交重构——spectra→observation、工具/API 收敛、安全韧性加固

将"以光谱为中心"的观测数据架构升级为 (Source × ProductType) 双轴正交模型，
光谱降级为与光变/测光/图像平级的产品类型之一；同步把分散的工具、API、缓存表
收敛为统一入口。新增 Gaia 光变曲线（EPOCH_PHOTOMETRY）支持。

【架构】services/spectra 整体替换为 services/observation（双轴正交）
- Source（LAMOST/Gaia/SDSS/DESI）× ProductType（Spectrum/LightCurve/Photometry/Image）
  正交组合，新增源/产品类型为纯加法（OCP）
- ObservationFetcher trait + ObservationRegistry：每个有效组合实现一个 fetcher，
  启动时注册；SDSS specobj/APOGEE 共用 key 按 subtype 二级路由
- cone 缓存逻辑模板方法化（trait 默认方法），消除各源 4 份重复代码
- 多文件 Artifact 模型：一个逻辑产物可含多文件（如 Gaia 光变 G/BP/RP 三波段各一 FITS）
- 统一编排 dispatch.rs：search（仅检索）/ download（检索+下载），支持坐标模式
  （cone→选源→下载）与标识符模式（直按 ID 下载）双输入

【Agent 工具整合】26 → 24
- 新增 find_observation：跨源×跨产品×双模式统一观测下载，取代 find_spectrum
- catalog_operation 升级为 6 合 1（search/describe/query/cone/export/lookup），
  取代独立的 query_vizier + cone_search
- citation_network + library_search 合并为 library.rs

【API 路由】
- 新增 /observation/{search,download,capabilities,list} 命名空间
- 移除 /catalog/{crossmatch,spectrum/download,spectrum/list}
- GET /observation/capabilities 暴露 registry 能力清单，前端动态渲染源/产品/版本
  下拉（不再硬编码各源支持矩阵）

【数据库迁移】
- 新表 observation_cache：新增 product 列 + artifacts_json（多文件产物），无 TTL
  （观测数据不可变，区别于 vizier_query_cache 的 7 天 TTL）
- 20260705140001：spectrum_cache 旧数据迁入 observation_cache，单文件→单元素 artifacts

【前端】
- 新 ObservationPanel（988 行）：双视图（检索下载 / 缓存库），选项由 capabilities 动态生成
- 新 useObservation hook、ObservationResultCard、observation/constants、utils/apiError

【安全与韧性加固】
- sessions 锁 Mutex → RwLock（读多写少，降低争用）
- 新增 upload_rate_limiter；login_rate_limiter 容量保护（10000 上限，超限清最旧一半）
- bookmarklet API 密钥 SHA-1 → SHA-256；ADMIN_PASSWORD 长度上限 128
- *_TIMEOUT_SECS / EMBEDDING_DIM 非法值告警并回退默认；DB_POOL_SIZE 可配置（原硬编码 5）
- sqlite-vec 注册逻辑下沉至 utils::register_sqlite_vec_extension

dashboard/src/App.tsx

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import { ReaderPanel } from './pages/ReaderPanel';
 import { CitationPanel } from './pages/CitationPanel';
 import { SyncPanel } from './pages/SyncPanel';
 import { ResearchAgentPanel } from './pages/ResearchAgentPanel';
+import { ObservationPanel } from './pages/ObservationPanel';
 import type { StandardPaper, NoteRecord } from './types';
 import { GlobalDialog } from './components/dialogs/GlobalDialog';
 import { UncachedPaperModal } from './components/dialogs/UncachedPaperModal';
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@ import { useLibrary } from './hooks/useLibrary';
 import { useSearch } from './hooks/useSearch';
 import { useNotes } from './hooks/useNotes';
 import { useCitations } from './hooks/useCitations';
+import { useObservation } from './hooks/useObservation';
 
 export default function App() {
   // 移动端菜单显示状态
@@ -59,7 +61,7 @@ export default function App() {
 
   // 2. 局部状态定义 (多组件共用或全局网络进度状态)
   const [activeTab, setActiveTab] = useState<
-    'search' | 'library' | 'reader' | 'citation' | 'sync' | 'agent'
+    'search' | 'library' | 'reader' | 'citation' | 'sync' | 'observation' | 'agent'
   >(() => {
     const saved = localStorage.getItem('astro_active_tab');
     const validTabs = [
@@ -68,6 +70,7 @@ export default function App() {
       'reader',
       'citation',
       'sync',
+      'observation',
       'agent',
     ] as const;
     return (
@@ -90,6 +93,9 @@ export default function App() {
   const auth = useAuth();
   const notes = useNotes();
   const citations = useCitations();
+  const observation = useObservation({
+    isAuthenticated: auth.isAuthenticated,
+  });
 
   // 协调：进入阅读器方法 (需要拉取正文和笔记)
   const libraryRef = useRef<ReturnType<typeof useLibrary> | null>(null);
@@ -451,6 +457,7 @@ export default function App() {
             {activeTab === 'reader' && '双语阅读'}
             {activeTab === 'citation' && '引用星系'}
             {activeTab === 'sync' && '批量任务'}
+            {activeTab === 'observation' && '观测数据'}
             {activeTab === 'agent' && '智能科研'}
           </span>
         </header>
@@ -649,6 +656,48 @@ export default function App() {
 
               {activeTab === 'sync' && <SyncPanel />}
 
+              {activeTab === 'observation' && (
+                <ObservationPanel
+                  capabilities={observation.capabilities}
+                  currentSpec={observation.currentSpec}
+                  searchForm={observation.searchForm}
+                  setSearchForm={observation.setSearchForm}
+                  searchResults={observation.searchResults}
+                  searching={observation.searching}
+                  searchError={observation.searchError}
+                  runSearch={observation.runSearch}
+                  selectedSourceIds={observation.selectedSourceIds}
+                  toggleSelect={observation.toggleSelect}
+                  selectAll={observation.selectAll}
+                  selectNone={observation.selectNone}
+                  downloading={observation.downloading}
+                  downloadResult={observation.downloadResult}
+                  downloadError={observation.downloadError}
+                  setDownloadResult={observation.setDownloadResult}
+                  downloadSelected={observation.downloadSelected}
+                  downloadByIds={observation.downloadByIds}
+                  downloadByCoordinates={observation.downloadByCoordinates}
+                  libraryItems={observation.libraryItems}
+                  libraryTotal={observation.libraryTotal}
+                  libraryLoading={observation.libraryLoading}
+                  libraryError={observation.libraryError}
+                  fetchLibrary={observation.fetchLibrary}
+                  libSource={observation.libSource}
+                  setLibSource={observation.setLibSource}
+                  libProduct={observation.libProduct}
+                  setLibProduct={observation.setLibProduct}
+                  libSearch={observation.libSearch}
+                  setLibSearch={observation.setLibSearch}
+                  libSort={observation.libSort}
+                  setLibSort={observation.setLibSort}
+                  libPage={observation.libPage}
+                  setLibPage={observation.setLibPage}
+                  libPageSize={observation.libPageSize}
+                  setLibPageSize={observation.setLibPageSize}
+                  resetLibraryFilters={observation.resetLibraryFilters}
+                />
+              )}
+
               {activeTab === 'agent' && (
                 <ResearchAgentPanel
                   showConfirm={showConfirm}

dashboard/src/components/agent/AgentMessageList.tsx

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ import type {
 import type { StandardPaper } from '../../types';
 import type { useCitations } from '../../hooks/useCitations';
 import type { useLibrary } from '../../hooks/useLibrary';
+import type { TabId } from '../layout/Sidebar';
 import { AskUserQuestionCard } from './AskUserQuestionCard';
 import { PermissionRequestCard } from './PermissionRequestCard';
 import { AgentMetricsPanel } from './AgentMetricsPanel';
@@ -94,9 +95,7 @@ interface AgentMessageListProps {
     onSuccess?: () => void
   ) => Promise<void>;
   openReader?: (paper: StandardPaper, skipTabSwitch?: boolean) => void;
-  setActiveTab?: (
-    tab: 'search' | 'library' | 'reader' | 'citation' | 'sync' | 'agent'
-  ) => void;
+  setActiveTab?: (tab: TabId) => void;
   citations?: ReturnType<typeof useCitations>;
   library?: ReturnType<typeof useLibrary>;
 }

dashboard/src/components/agent/AgentMetricsPanel.tsx

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ const TOOL_LABELS: Record<string, string> = {
   query_target: '天体查询',
   query_vizier: 'VizieR 星表',
   cone_search: '锥形检索',
-  find_spectrum: '光谱检索下载',
+  find_observation: '观测数据下载',
   catalog_operation: '星表操作',
   save_note: '保存笔记',
   todo_write: '任务管理',
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ const CATEGORY_COLORS: Record<string, string> = {
   query_target: 'bg-amber-100 text-amber-700 border-amber-200',
   query_vizier: 'bg-violet-100 text-violet-700 border-violet-200',
   cone_search: 'bg-violet-100 text-violet-700 border-violet-200',
-  find_spectrum: 'bg-slate-200 text-slate-700 border-slate-300',
+  find_observation: 'bg-slate-200 text-slate-700 border-slate-300',
   catalog_operation: 'bg-violet-100 text-violet-700 border-violet-200',
   save_note: 'bg-teal-100 text-teal-700 border-teal-200',
   todo_write: 'bg-orange-100 text-orange-700 border-orange-200',

dashboard/src/components/agent/AuditLogViewer.tsx

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ function getToolDisplayName(name: string | null): string {
     query_target: '天体查询',
     query_vizier: 'VizieR 星表',
     cone_search: '锥形检索',
-    find_spectrum: '光谱检索下载',
+    find_observation: '观测数据下载',
     catalog_operation: '星表操作',
     save_note: '保存笔记',
     todo_write: '任务管理',

dashboard/src/components/agent/SpecialToolRenderers.tsx

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import {
 import type { StandardPaper } from '../../types';
 import type { useCitations } from '../../hooks/useCitations';
 import type { useLibrary } from '../../hooks/useLibrary';
+import type { TabId } from '../layout/Sidebar';
 
 // ==========================================
 // 1. 天体参数卡片 (query_target)
@@ -204,9 +205,7 @@ interface PaperListCardProps {
   };
   library?: ReturnType<typeof useLibrary>;
   citations?: ReturnType<typeof useCitations>;
-  setActiveTab?: (
-    tab: 'search' | 'library' | 'reader' | 'citation' | 'sync' | 'agent'
-  ) => void;
+  setActiveTab?: (tab: TabId) => void;
   openReader?: (paper: StandardPaper, skipTabSwitch?: boolean) => void;
 }
 
@@ -747,124 +746,20 @@ export function VizierResultCard({ metadata }: VizierResultCardProps) {
 
 
 // ==========================================
-// 6. 统一光谱下载结果卡片 (find_spectrum)
+// 6. 统一观测数据下载结果卡片 (find_observation)
+//    跨 (LAMOST/Gaia/SDSS/DESI) × (Spectrum/LightCurve/Photometry/Image)
+//    支持多 artifact 产物（如 Gaia 光变 G/BP/RP 三波段各一个文件）
+//
+//    实现已抽出到共享组件 ObservationResultCard，本函数仅作为 Agent 工具结果
+//    渲染入口（metadata 形状与 ObservationBatchResult 完全一致）。
 // ==========================================
-interface SpectrumDownloadItem {
-  survey: string;
-  source_label: string;
-  file_path: string;
-  file_url: string;
-  file_format: string;
-  size_bytes: number;
-  cached: boolean;
+import { ObservationResultCard } from '../observation/ObservationResultCard';
+import type { ObservationBatchResult } from '../observation/constants';
+
+interface FindObservationCardProps {
+  metadata: ObservationBatchResult;
 }
 
-interface FindSpectrumCardProps {
-  metadata: {
-    survey: string;
-    ra?: number;
-    dec?: number;
-    radius_deg?: number;
-    matched_count: number;
-    downloads: SpectrumDownloadItem[];
-    failures: { source_label: string; error: string }[];
-  };
-}
-
-const SURVEY_THEME: Record<string, { badge: string; label: string }> = {
-  lamost: { badge: 'bg-amber-100 text-amber-700', label: 'LAMOST' },
-  gaia: { badge: 'bg-sky-100 text-sky-700', label: 'Gaia' },
-  sdss: { badge: 'bg-indigo-100 text-indigo-700', label: 'SDSS' },
-  desi: { badge: 'bg-emerald-100 text-emerald-700', label: 'DESI' },
-};
-
-export function FindSpectrumCard({ metadata }: FindSpectrumCardProps) {
-  const { survey, ra, dec, radius_deg, matched_count, downloads = [], failures = [] } = metadata;
-  const theme = SURVEY_THEME[survey] || SURVEY_THEME.lamost;
-  const hasResult = downloads.length > 0 || failures.length > 0;
-
-  return (
-    <div className="bg-slate-50/60 border border-slate-200 rounded-lg p-3.5 space-y-3 text-xs shadow-2xs">
-      {/* 标题栏 */}
-      <div className="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-slate-200/70 pb-2">
-        <div className="flex items-center gap-1.5 font-bold text-slate-800 text-[11px] uppercase tracking-wide">
-          <Activity className="w-3.5 h-3.5 text-slate-500" />
-          <span>统一光谱检索</span>
-        </div>
-        <span className={`px-2 py-0.5 rounded text-[10px] font-bold ${theme.badge}`}>
-          {theme.label}
-        </span>
-      </div>
-
-      {/* 查询信息 */}
-      <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-x-3 gap-y-1 text-[10px] text-slate-600">
-        {ra !== undefined && dec !== undefined && (
-          <span className="font-mono">
-            ra={ra.toFixed(4)} dec={dec.toFixed(4)}
-            {radius_deg !== undefined ? ` r=${radius_deg}°` : ''}
-          </span>
-        )}
-        <span className="bg-slate-200 text-slate-700 px-1.5 py-0.5 rounded font-medium">
-          命中 {matched_count} 条
-        </span>
-        {downloads.length > 0 && (
-          <span className="flex items-center gap-0.5 text-emerald-600 font-medium">
-            <CheckCircle2 className="w-3 h-3" />
-            下载 {downloads.length}
-          </span>
-        )}
-        {failures.length > 0 && (
-          <span className="flex items-center gap-0.5 text-rose-600 font-medium">
-            <AlertTriangle className="w-3 h-3" />
-            失败 {failures.length}
-          </span>
-        )}
-      </div>
-
-      {/* 下载结果列表 */}
-      {downloads.map((d, i) => (
-        <div key={i} className="border border-slate-200 rounded bg-white p-2.5 space-y-1.5">
-          <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
-            <span className="font-mono font-medium text-slate-700">{d.source_label}</span>
-            {d.cached ? (
-              <span className="flex items-center gap-0.5 text-[10px] text-emerald-600">
-                <CheckCircle2 className="w-3 h-3" />缓存
-              </span>
-            ) : (
-              <span className="text-[10px] text-slate-400">新下载</span>
-            )}
-          </div>
-          <div className="flex items-center justify-between text-[10px]">
-            <span className="text-slate-500">
-              {d.file_format.toUpperCase()} · {d.size_bytes > 1024 ? `${(d.size_bytes / 1024).toFixed(1)} KB` : `${d.size_bytes} B`}
-            </span>
-            <a
-              href={d.file_url}
-              target="_blank"
-              rel="noopener noreferrer"
-              className="flex items-center gap-0.5 font-bold text-sky-600 hover:text-sky-800 hover:underline"
-            >
-              <Download className="w-3 h-3" />
-              <span>FITS</span>
-            </a>
-          </div>
-        </div>
-      ))}
-
-      {/* 失败列表 */}
-      {failures.map((f, i) => (
-        <div key={`f${i}`} className="border border-rose-200 rounded bg-rose-50/50 p-2.5">
-          <div className="flex items-center gap-1 text-rose-700 font-medium">
-            <AlertTriangle className="w-3 h-3" />
-            <span className="font-mono text-[10px]">{f.source_label}</span>
-          </div>
-          <p className="text-[10px] text-rose-600 mt-1 break-all">{f.error}</p>
-        </div>
-      ))}
-
-      {!hasResult && (
-        <p className="text-[11px] text-slate-400 italic py-2">(该区域无光谱覆盖)</p>
-      )}
-    </div>
-  );
+export function FindObservationCard({ metadata }: FindObservationCardProps) {
+  return <ObservationResultCard result={metadata} />;
 }

dashboard/src/components/agent/ToolCallCard.tsx

@@ -11,11 +11,12 @@ import {
   TodoTaskCard,
   BgTaskProgressCard,
   VizierResultCard,
-  FindSpectrumCard,
+  FindObservationCard,
 } from './SpecialToolRenderers';
 import type { StandardPaper } from '../../types';
 import type { useCitations } from '../../hooks/useCitations';
 import type { useLibrary } from '../../hooks/useLibrary';
+import type { TabId } from '../layout/Sidebar';
 
 interface ToolCallCardProps {
   step: number;
@@ -33,9 +34,7 @@ interface ToolCallCardProps {
   onToggleArgs: () => void;
   onToggleResult: () => void;
   openReader?: (paper: StandardPaper, skipTabSwitch?: boolean) => void;
-  setActiveTab?: (
-    tab: 'search' | 'library' | 'reader' | 'citation' | 'sync' | 'agent'
-  ) => void;
+  setActiveTab?: (tab: TabId) => void;
   citations?: ReturnType<typeof useCitations>;
   library?: ReturnType<typeof useLibrary>;
 }
@@ -119,31 +118,36 @@ export function ToolCallCard({
       );
     }
 
-    // 1c. 统一光谱下载（find_spectrum）
+    // 1c. 统一观测数据下载（find_observation）
     if (
-      name === 'find_spectrum' &&
+      name === 'find_observation' &&
       metadata &&
       typeof metadata === 'object' &&
-      'survey' in metadata &&
-      'downloads' in metadata
+      'source' in metadata &&
+      'products' in metadata
     ) {
       return (
-        <FindSpectrumCard
+        <FindObservationCard
           metadata={
             metadata as {
-              survey: string;
+              source: string;
+              product: { product: string; subtype?: string };
               ra?: number;
               dec?: number;
               radius_deg?: number;
               matched_count: number;
-              downloads: {
-                survey: string;
+              products: {
+                source: string;
+                source_id: string;
                 source_label: string;
-                file_path: string;
-                file_url: string;
-                file_format: string;
-                size_bytes: number;
-                cached: boolean;
+                artifacts: {
+                  band?: string;
+                  file_path: string;
+                  file_url: string;
+                  file_format: string;
+                  size_bytes: number;
+                  cached: boolean;
+                }[];
               }[];
               failures: { source_label: string; error: string }[];
             }

dashboard/src/components/agent/toolDisplayNames.ts

@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ export function getToolDisplayName(name: string): string {
       return '查询 VizieR 星表';
     case 'cone_search':
       return '锥形检索天体';
-    case 'find_spectrum':
-      return '检索下载光谱';
+    case 'find_observation':
+      return '下载观测数据';
     case 'catalog_operation':
       return '星表操作';
     case 'save_note':

dashboard/src/components/dialogs/PaperDetailModal.tsx

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { Loader, Download, RefreshCw, AlertTriangle } from 'lucide-react';
 import type { StandardPaper } from '../../types';
 import { getDoctypeBadge } from '../../utils/paper';
 import { BaseModal } from './BaseModal';
+import type { TabId } from '../layout/Sidebar';
 
 interface PaperDetailModalProps {
   paper: StandardPaper | null | undefined;
@@ -17,9 +18,7 @@ interface PaperDetailModalProps {
   handleMarkNoResource: (bibcode: string, clear: boolean) => Promise<void>;
   handleDownload: (bibcode: string, force?: boolean) => Promise<void>;
   openReader: (paper: StandardPaper) => void;
-  setActiveTab: (
-    tab: 'search' | 'library' | 'reader' | 'citation' | 'sync' | 'agent'
-  ) => void;
+  setActiveTab: (tab: TabId) => void;
   setSelectedPaper: (paper: StandardPaper) => void;
   loadCitations: (bibcode: string) => Promise<void>;
   showConfirm: (message: string, onConfirm: () => void, title?: string) => void;

dashboard/src/components/layout/Sidebar.tsx

@@ -9,12 +9,19 @@ import {
   ChevronLeft,
   Sparkles,
   LogOut,
+  Telescope,
 } from 'lucide-react';
 import type { StandardPaper } from '../../types';
 import { Logo } from '../Logo';
 
 export type TabId =
-  'search' | 'library' | 'reader' | 'citation' | 'sync' | 'agent';
+  | 'search'
+  | 'library'
+  | 'reader'
+  | 'citation'
+  | 'sync'
+  | 'observation'
+  | 'agent';
 
 interface SidebarProps {
   activeTab: TabId;
@@ -127,6 +134,11 @@ export function Sidebar({
               { id: 'reader' as TabId, label: '双语阅读', icon: BookOpen },
               { id: 'citation' as TabId, label: '引用星系', icon: GitFork },
               { id: 'sync' as TabId, label: '批量任务', icon: RefreshCw },
+              {
+                id: 'observation' as TabId,
+                label: '观测数据',
+                icon: Telescope,
+              },
               { id: 'agent' as TabId, label: '智能科研', icon: Sparkles },
             ].map((tab) => {
               const Icon = tab.icon;

dashboard/src/components/observation/ObservationResultCard.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+// dashboard/src/components/observation/ObservationResultCard.tsx
+//
+// 观测数据下载结果卡片 —— 可复用渲染 ObservationBatch
+//
+// 用途：
+//   1. 观测数据面板的"检索下载"视图在下载完成后展示结果
+//   2. （可选）SpecialToolRenderers 的 FindObservationCard 可改为薄封装调用本组件
+//
+// 视觉与 SpecialToolRenderers::FindObservationCard 保持一致，统一数据源主题色。
+import {
+  Activity,
+  CheckCircle2,
+  AlertTriangle,
+  Download,
+} from 'lucide-react';
+import {
+  SOURCE_THEME,
+  PRODUCT_LABEL,
+  formatFileSize,
+  type ObservationBatchResult,
+} from './constants';
+
+interface ObservationResultCardProps {
+  result: ObservationBatchResult;
+}
+
+export function ObservationResultCard({ result }: ObservationResultCardProps) {
+  const {
+    source,
+    product,
+    ra,
+    dec,
+    radius_deg,
+    matched_count,
+    products = [],
+    failures = [],
+  } = result;
+  const theme = SOURCE_THEME[source] ?? SOURCE_THEME.lamost;
+  const productLabel = PRODUCT_LABEL[product.product] ?? product.product;
+  const hasResult = products.length > 0 || failures.length > 0;
+
+  return (
+    <div className="bg-slate-50/60 border border-slate-200 rounded-lg p-3.5 space-y-3 text-xs shadow-2xs">
+      {/* 标题栏：数据源 + 产品类型双标签 */}
+      <div className="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-slate-200/70 pb-2">
+        <div className="flex items-center gap-1.5 font-bold text-slate-800 text-[11px] uppercase tracking-wide">
+          <Activity className="w-3.5 h-3.5 text-slate-500" />
+          <span>观测数据下载</span>
+        </div>
+        <div className="flex items-center gap-1">
+          <span
+            className={`px-2 py-0.5 rounded text-[10px] font-bold ${theme.badge}`}
+          >
+            {theme.label}
+          </span>
+          <span className="px-2 py-0.5 rounded text-[10px] font-bold bg-slate-200 text-slate-700">
+            {productLabel}
+            {product.subtype ? ` · ${product.subtype}` : ''}
+          </span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+
+      {/* 查询信息 */}
+      <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-x-3 gap-y-1 text-[10px] text-slate-600">
+        {ra !== undefined && dec !== undefined && (
+          <span className="font-mono">
+            ra={ra.toFixed(4)} dec={dec.toFixed(4)}
+            {radius_deg !== undefined ? ` r=${radius_deg}°` : ''}
+          </span>
+        )}
+        <span className="bg-slate-200 text-slate-700 px-1.5 py-0.5 rounded font-medium">
+          命中 {matched_count} 条
+        </span>
+        {products.length > 0 && (
+          <span className="flex items-center gap-0.5 text-emerald-600 font-medium">
+            <CheckCircle2 className="w-3 h-3" />
+            下载 {products.length}
+          </span>
+        )}
+        {failures.length > 0 && (
+          <span className="flex items-center gap-0.5 text-rose-600 font-medium">
+            <AlertTriangle className="w-3 h-3" />
+            失败 {failures.length}
+          </span>
+        )}
+      </div>
+
+      {/* 产物列表（每个 product 含 1~N 个 artifact） */}
+      {products.map((p, i) => {
+        const allCached =
+          p.artifacts.length > 0 && p.artifacts.every((a) => a.cached);
+        return (
+          <div
+            key={i}
+            className="border border-slate-200 rounded bg-white p-2.5 space-y-1.5"
+          >
+            <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
+              <span className="font-mono font-medium text-slate-700">
+                {p.source_label}
+              </span>
+              {allCached ? (
+                <span className="flex items-center gap-0.5 text-[10px] text-emerald-600">
+                  <CheckCircle2 className="w-3 h-3" />
+                  缓存
+                </span>
+              ) : (
+                <span className="text-[10px] text-slate-400">新下载</span>
+              )}
+            </div>
+            {/* 多 artifact 展示（Gaia 光变 G/BP/RP 三波段） */}
+            {p.artifacts.map((a, ai) => (
+              <div
+                key={ai}
+                className="flex items-center justify-between text-[10px] pl-2 border-l-2 border-slate-100"
+              >
+                <span className="text-slate-500 flex items-center gap-1">
+                  {a.band && (
+                    <span className="px-1 py-0.5 rounded bg-violet-100 text-violet-700 font-medium">
+                      {a.band}
+                    </span>
+                  )}
+                  {a.file_format.toUpperCase()} ·{' '}
+                  {formatFileSize(a.size_bytes)}
+                </span>
+                <a
+                  href={a.file_url}
+                  target="_blank"
+                  rel="noopener noreferrer"
+                  className="flex items-center gap-0.5 font-bold text-sky-600 hover:text-sky-800 hover:underline"
+                >
+                  <Download className="w-3 h-3" />
+                  <span>{a.file_format.toUpperCase()}</span>
+                </a>
+              </div>
+            ))}
+          </div>
+        );
+      })}
+
+      {/* 失败列表 */}
+      {failures.map((f, i) => (
+        <div
+          key={`f${i}`}
+          className="border border-rose-200 rounded bg-rose-50/50 p-2.5"
+        >
+          <div className="flex items-center gap-1 text-rose-700 font-medium">
+            <AlertTriangle className="w-3 h-3" />
+            <span className="font-mono text-[10px]">{f.source_label}</span>
+          </div>
+          <p className="text-[10px] text-rose-600 mt-1 break-all">{f.error}</p>
+        </div>
+      ))}
+
+      {!hasResult && (
+        <p className="text-[11px] text-slate-400 italic py-2">
+          (该区域无{productLabel}数据覆盖)
+        </p>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+}

dashboard/src/components/observation/constants.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+// dashboard/src/components/observation/constants.ts
+//
+// 观测数据共享常量与类型 —— 跨 Agent 工具卡片 / 观测数据面板 / 检索结果卡片复用
+// 统一 (Source × ProductType) 双轴的视觉主题与中文标签映射
+
+// ── 数据源主题色（source 轴）──
+// 与 SOURCE_THEME 在 SpecialToolRenderers.tsx 的取色保持一致，统一视觉
+export const SOURCE_THEME: Record<
+  string,
+  { badge: string; label: string; dot: string }
+> = {
+  lamost: {
+    badge: 'bg-amber-100 text-amber-700',
+    label: 'LAMOST',
+    dot: 'bg-amber-500',
+  },
+  gaia: {
+    badge: 'bg-sky-100 text-sky-700',
+    label: 'Gaia',
+    dot: 'bg-sky-500',
+  },
+  sdss: {
+    badge: 'bg-indigo-100 text-indigo-700',
+    label: 'SDSS',
+    dot: 'bg-indigo-500',
+  },
+  desi: {
+    badge: 'bg-emerald-100 text-emerald-700',
+    label: 'DESI',
+    dot: 'bg-emerald-500',
+  },
+};
+
+// ── 产品类型中文标签（product 轴）──
+export const PRODUCT_LABEL: Record<string, string> = {
+  spectrum: '光谱',
+  lightcurve: '光变曲线',
+  photometry: '测光',
+  image: '图像',
+};
+
+// ── 文件大小格式化 ——
+export function formatFileSize(bytes: number): string {
+  if (!bytes || bytes <= 0) return '—';
+  if (bytes > 1024 * 1024 * 1024)
+    return `${(bytes / 1024 / 1024 / 1024).toFixed(2)} GB`;
+  if (bytes > 1024 * 1024) return `${(bytes / 1024 / 1024).toFixed(1)} MB`;
+  if (bytes > 1024) return `${(bytes / 1024).toFixed(1)} KB`;
+  return `${bytes} B`;
+}
+
+// ── 共享 TS 接口（镜像 Rust services::observation::types）──
+export interface ObservationArtifact {
+  band?: string;
+  original_name?: string;
+  file_path: string;
+  file_url: string;
+  file_format: string;
+  size_bytes: number;
+  cached: boolean;
+}
+
+export interface ObservationProductItem {
+  source: string;
+  source_id: string;
+  source_label: string;
+  artifacts: ObservationArtifact[];
+  source_meta?: Record<string, unknown>;
+}
+
+export interface DownloadFailure {
+  source_label: string;
+  error: string;
+}
+
+export interface ObservationBatchResult {
+  source: string;
+  product: { product: string; subtype?: string };
+  ra?: number;
+  dec?: number;
+  radius_deg?: number;
+  matched_count: number;
+  products: ObservationProductItem[];
+  failures: DownloadFailure[];
+}

dashboard/src/hooks/useLibrary.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { useState, useEffect, useRef } from 'react';
 import axios from 'axios';
 import type { StandardPaper } from '../types';
 import type { TabId } from '../components/layout/Sidebar';
+import { extractErrorMessage } from '../utils/apiError';
 
 interface UseLibraryProps {
   isAuthenticated: boolean | null;
@@ -260,9 +261,7 @@ export function useLibrary({
       showAlert('手动文献文件上传导入成功！', '上传成功');
     } catch (e: unknown) {
       console.error('手动文件上传失败', e);
-      const axiosError = e as { response?: { data?: string } };
-      const errMsg =
-        axiosError.response?.data || '请确保上传的是合法且完整的文件。';
+      const errMsg = extractErrorMessage(e, '请确保上传的是合法且完整的文件。');
       showAlert(`文件上传失败: ${errMsg}`, '上传出错');
     } finally {
       setUploadingBibcode(null);
@@ -305,8 +304,7 @@ export function useLibrary({
         );
       } catch (e: unknown) {
         console.error('标记更新失败', e);
-        const axiosError = e as { response?: { data?: string } };
-        const errMsg = axiosError.response?.data || '请稍后重试。';
+        const errMsg = extractErrorMessage(e, '请稍后重试。');
         showAlert(`标记失败: ${errMsg}`, '操作出错');
       }
     };

dashboard/src/hooks/useObservation.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+// dashboard/src/hooks/useObservation.ts
+//
+// 观测数据 Hook —— 检索 / 下载 / 缓存库浏览 / 能力清单 四块状态
+//
+// 后端端点（检索逻辑全部在后端）：
+//   GET  /api/observation/capabilities —— 返回支持的 (source × product × subtypes) 组合
+//   GET  /api/observation/search       —— 按坐标 cone 检索候选源（不下载）
+//   POST /api/observation/download     —— 按坐标或标识符下载（写入 observation_cache）
+//   GET  /api/observation/list         —— 列出已缓存条目（服务端分页 + 筛选）
+//
+// 前端只负责表单提交和结果渲染，不做任何筛选/分页/排序计算。
+import { useState, useEffect, useCallback, useRef, useMemo } from 'react';
+import axios from 'axios';
+import { extractErrorMessage } from '../utils/apiError';
+import type {
+  ObservationRecord,
+  Candidate,
+  CapabilitySpec,
+} from '../types';
+import type { ObservationBatchResult } from '../components/observation/constants';
+
+interface UseObservationProps {
+  isAuthenticated: boolean | null;
+}
+
+// ── 检索表单状态 ──
+export interface SearchForm {
+  source: string;
+  product: string;
+  subtype: string;
+  ra: string;
+  dec: string;
+  radius: string;
+  release: string;
+}
+
+export const EMPTY_SEARCH_FORM: SearchForm = {
+  source: 'lamost',
+  product: 'spectrum',
+  subtype: '',
+  ra: '',
+  dec: '',
+  radius: '0.1',
+  release: '',
+};
+
+export function useObservation({ isAuthenticated }: UseObservationProps) {
+  // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+  // A. 能力清单（启动时加载一次）
+  // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+  const [capabilities, setCapabilities] = useState<CapabilitySpec[]>([]);
+  const capabilitiesLoadedRef = useRef(false);
+
+  const fetchCapabilities = useCallback(async () => {
+    if (capabilitiesLoadedRef.current) return;
+    try {
+      const res = await axios.get<CapabilitySpec[]>(
+        '/api/observation/capabilities'
+      );
+      setCapabilities(res.data ?? []);
+      capabilitiesLoadedRef.current = true;
+    } catch (e) {
+      console.error('加载观测数据能力清单失败', e);
+    }
+  }, []);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (isAuthenticated === true) fetchCapabilities();
+  }, [isAuthenticated, fetchCapabilities]);
+
+  // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+  // B. 检索（search）—— 坐标 cone 检索候选源
+  // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+  const [searchForm, setSearchForm] = useState<SearchForm>(EMPTY_SEARCH_FORM);
+
+  // 当前 (source, product) 对应的能力描述（供前端表单派生选项与联动校验）
+  const currentSpec = useMemo<CapabilitySpec | undefined>(() => {
+    return capabilities.find(
+      (c) => c.source === searchForm.source && c.product === searchForm.product
+    );
+  }, [capabilities, searchForm.source, searchForm.product]);
+
+  // 当 source/product 切换后：
+  //   1. 若当前 release 不在新源的版本列表里，则回落到默认版本
+  //   2. 若当前 radius 超出硬性上限，则回落到建议上限（而非硬上限，避免误导）
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!currentSpec) return;
+    const valid = currentSpec.releases;
+    const hardMax = currentSpec.hard_max_radius_deg;
+    const suggested = currentSpec.suggested_max_radius_deg;
+    setSearchForm((f) => {
+      let next = f;
+      // release 回落（仅在该源区分版本时）
+      if (valid.length > 0 && (!f.release || !valid.includes(f.release))) {
+        next = { ...next, release: currentSpec.default_release ?? valid[0] };
+      }
+      // radius 回落：超出硬性上限时回到建议值（不回到硬上限，避免默认就触发警告）
+      const cur = parseFloat(f.radius);
+      if (!isNaN(cur) && cur > hardMax) {
+        next = { ...next, radius: String(suggested) };
+      }
+      return next;
+    });
+  }, [currentSpec]);
+
+  const [searchResults, setSearchResults] = useState<Candidate[]>([]);
+  const [searching, setSearching] = useState(false);
+  const [searchError, setSearchError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const [selectedSourceIds, setSelectedSourceIds] = useState<Set<string>>(
+    new Set()
+  );
+
+  const runSearch = useCallback(async () => {
+    const ra = parseFloat(searchForm.ra);
+    const dec = parseFloat(searchForm.dec);
+    if (isNaN(ra) || isNaN(dec)) {
+      setSearchError('请输入有效的 ra / dec 坐标');
+      setSearchResults([]);
+      return;
+    }
+    setSearching(true);
+    setSearchError(null);
+    setSelectedSourceIds(new Set());
+    try {
+      const res = await axios.get<Candidate[]>('/api/observation/search', {
+        params: {
+          source: searchForm.source,
+          product: searchForm.product,
+          subtype: searchForm.subtype || undefined,
+          ra,
+          dec,
+          radius: Math.max(0.0001, parseFloat(searchForm.radius) || 0.1),
+          release: searchForm.release || undefined,
+        },
+      });
+      setSearchResults(res.data ?? []);
+    } catch (e: unknown) {
+      setSearchError(
+        extractErrorMessage(e, '检索失败，请检查坐标与数据源参数')
+      );
+      setSearchResults([]);
+    } finally {
+      setSearching(false);
+    }
+  }, [searchForm]);
+
+  const toggleSelect = useCallback((sourceId: string) => {
+    setSelectedSourceIds((prev) => {
+      const next = new Set(prev);
+      if (next.has(sourceId)) next.delete(sourceId);
+      else next.add(sourceId);
+      return next;
+    });
+  }, []);
+
+  const selectAll = useCallback(() => {
+    setSelectedSourceIds(new Set(searchResults.map((c) => c.source_id)));
+  }, [searchResults]);
+
+  const selectNone = useCallback(() => {
+    setSelectedSourceIds(new Set());
+  }, []);
+
+  // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+  // C. 下载（download）—— 按坐标或标识符
+  // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+  const [downloading, setDownloading] = useState(false);
+  const [downloadResult, setDownloadResult] =
+    useState<ObservationBatchResult | null>(null);
+  const [downloadError, setDownloadError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  /** 下载选中的候选源（标识符模式） */
+  const downloadSelected = useCallback(async () => {
+    const ids = Array.from(selectedSourceIds);
+    if (ids.length === 0) return;
+    await downloadByIds(ids);
+  }, [selectedSourceIds]); // eslint-disable-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
+
+  /** 按标识符列表下载 */
+  const downloadByIds = useCallback(
+    async (sourceIds: string[]) => {
+      if (sourceIds.length === 0) return;
+      setDownloading(true);
+      setDownloadError(null);
+      try {
+        const res = await axios.post<ObservationBatchResult>(
+          '/api/observation/download',
+          {
+            source: searchForm.source,
+            product: searchForm.product,
+            subtype: searchForm.subtype || undefined,
+            release: searchForm.release || undefined,
+            force: false,
+            mode: 'identifiers',
+            source_ids: sourceIds,
+          }
+        );
+        setDownloadResult(res.data);
+      } catch (e: unknown) {
+        setDownloadError(extractErrorMessage(e, '下载失败，请稍后重试'));
+      } finally {
+        setDownloading(false);
+      }
+    },
+    [searchForm]
+  );
+
+  /** 按坐标下载（cone 检索 + 全部下载） */
+  const downloadByCoordinates = useCallback(
+    async (strategy: 'nearest' | 'all' = 'nearest') => {
+      const ra = parseFloat(searchForm.ra);
+      const dec = parseFloat(searchForm.dec);
+      if (isNaN(ra) || isNaN(dec)) {
+        setDownloadError('请输入有效的 ra / dec 坐标');
+        return;
+      }
+      setDownloading(true);
+      setDownloadError(null);
+      try {
+        const res = await axios.post<ObservationBatchResult>(
+          '/api/observation/download',
+          {
+            source: searchForm.source,
+            product: searchForm.product,
+            subtype: searchForm.subtype || undefined,
+            release: searchForm.release || undefined,
+            force: false,
+            mode: 'coordinates',
+            ra,
+            dec,
+            radius_deg: Math.max(0.0001, parseFloat(searchForm.radius) || 0.1),
+            strategy,
+          }
+        );
+        setDownloadResult(res.data);
+      } catch (e: unknown) {
+        setDownloadError(extractErrorMessage(e, '下载失败，请稍后重试'));
+      } finally {
+        setDownloading(false);
+      }
+    },
+    [searchForm]
+  );
+
+  // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+  // D. 缓存库（library）—— 服务端分页浏览已下载数据
+  // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+  const [libraryItems, setLibraryItems] = useState<ObservationRecord[]>([]);
+  const [libraryTotal, setLibraryTotal] = useState(0);
+  const [libraryLoading, setLibraryLoading] = useState(false);
+  const [libraryError, setLibraryError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  // 筛选状态（提交给后端，不在前端筛）
+  const [libSource, setLibSource] = useState<string>('all');
+  const [libProduct, setLibProduct] = useState<string>('all');
+  const [libSearch, setLibSearch] = useState('');
+  const [libSort, setLibSort] = useState<'created' | 'source' | 'product'>(
+    'created'
+  );
+  const [libPage, setLibPage] = useState(1);
+  const [libPageSize, setLibPageSize] = useState(12);
+
+  const fetchLibrary = useCallback(async () => {
+    if (isAuthenticated !== true) return;
+    setLibraryLoading(true);
+    setLibraryError(null);
+    try {
+      const res = await axios.get<{ items: ObservationRecord[]; total: number }>(
+        '/api/observation/list',
+        {
+          params: {
+            source: libSource !== 'all' ? libSource : undefined,
+            product: libProduct !== 'all' ? libProduct : undefined,
+            q: libSearch.trim() || undefined,
+            sort: libSort,
+            limit: libPageSize,
+            offset: (libPage - 1) * libPageSize,
+          },
+        }
+      );
+      setLibraryItems(res.data.items ?? []);
+      setLibraryTotal(res.data.total ?? 0);
+    } catch (e: unknown) {
+      setLibraryError(
+        extractErrorMessage(e, '加载缓存库失败，请检查后端连接')
+      );
+      setLibraryItems([]);
+    } finally {
+      setLibraryLoading(false);
+    }
+  }, [
+    isAuthenticated,
+    libSource,
+    libProduct,
+    libSearch,
+    libSort,
+    libPage,
+    libPageSize,
+  ]);
+
+  // 任意筛选/分页变更 → 重新请求后端
+  useEffect(() => {
+    fetchLibrary();
+  }, [fetchLibrary]);
+
+  const resetLibraryFilters = useCallback(() => {
+    setLibSource('all');
+    setLibProduct('all');
+    setLibSearch('');
+    setLibSort('created');
+    setLibPage(1);
+  }, []);
+
+  return {
+    // A. 能力清单
+    capabilities,
+    currentSpec,
+    fetchCapabilities,
+    // B. 检索
+    searchForm,
+    setSearchForm,
+    searchResults,
+    searching,
+    searchError,
+    runSearch,
+    selectedSourceIds,
+    toggleSelect,
+    selectAll,
+    selectNone,
+    // C. 下载
+    downloading,
+    downloadResult,
+    downloadError,
+    setDownloadResult,
+    downloadSelected,
+    downloadByIds,
+    downloadByCoordinates,
+    // D. 缓存库
+    libraryItems,
+    libraryTotal,
+    libraryLoading,
+    libraryError,
+    fetchLibrary,
+    libSource,
+    setLibSource: (v: string) => {
+      setLibSource(v);
+      setLibPage(1);
+    },
+    libProduct,
+    setLibProduct: (v: string) => {
+      setLibProduct(v);
+      setLibPage(1);
+    },
+    libSearch,
+    setLibSearch: (v: string) => {
+      setLibSearch(v);
+      setLibPage(1);
+    },
+    libSort,
+    setLibSort: (v: 'created' | 'source' | 'product') => {
+      setLibSort(v);
+      setLibPage(1);
+    },
+    libPage,
+    setLibPage,
+    libPageSize,
+    setLibPageSize,
+    resetLibraryFilters,
+  };
+}

dashboard/src/hooks/useResearchAgent.ts

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import {
 } from '../components/agent';
 import type { TimelineItem } from '../components/agent';
 import type { SessionSummary, MessageRecord } from '../types';
+import { extractErrorMessage } from '../utils/apiError';
 
 export type { SessionSummary, MessageRecord } from '../types';
 
@@ -433,11 +434,7 @@ export function useResearchAgent({
         loadSessionHistory(currentSessionId, true);
         fetchSessions(); // 更新侧栏 turn_count
       } catch (e: unknown) {
-        const axiosError = e as {
-          response?: { data?: string };
-          message?: string;
-        };
-        const errMsg = `回退失败: ${axiosError.response?.data || axiosError.message || '未知错误'}`;
+        const errMsg = `回退失败: ${extractErrorMessage(e, '未知错误')}`;
         if (showAlert) {
           showAlert(errMsg, '错误');
         } else {
@@ -481,11 +478,7 @@ export function useResearchAgent({
         }
       }
     } catch (e: unknown) {
-      const axiosError = e as {
-        response?: { data?: string };
-        message?: string;
-      };
-      const errMsg = `恢复失败: ${axiosError.response?.data || axiosError.message || '未知错误'}`;
+      const errMsg = `恢复失败: ${extractErrorMessage(e, '未知错误')}`;
       if (showAlert) {
         showAlert(errMsg, '错误');
       } else {
@@ -516,11 +509,7 @@ export function useResearchAgent({
         await fetchSessions();
         setCurrentSessionId(res.data.branch_session_id);
       } catch (e: unknown) {
-        const axiosError = e as {
-          response?: { data?: string };
-          message?: string;
-        };
-        const errMsg = `分叉失败: ${axiosError.response?.data || axiosError.message || '未知错误'}`;
+        const errMsg = `分叉失败: ${extractErrorMessage(e, '未知错误')}`;
         if (showAlert) {
           showAlert(errMsg, '错误');
         } else {
@@ -585,11 +574,7 @@ export function useResearchAgent({
         // 触发自动重发
         handleSend(questionText);
       } catch (e: unknown) {
-        const axiosError = e as {
-          response?: { data?: string };
-          message?: string;
-        };
-        const errMsg = `重试失败: ${axiosError.response?.data || axiosError.message || '未知错误'}`;
+        const errMsg = `重试失败: ${extractErrorMessage(e, '未知错误')}`;
         if (showAlert) {
           showAlert(errMsg, '错误');
         } else {

dashboard/src/hooks/useSyncState.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 import { useState, useEffect, useRef } from 'react';
 import axios from 'axios';
 import type { SavedSyncQuery } from '../types';
+import { extractErrorMessage } from '../utils/apiError';
 
 export interface BatchStatus {
   active: boolean;
@@ -178,8 +179,7 @@ export function useSyncState() {
       setTimeout(fetchSyncQueries, 500);
     } catch (e: unknown) {
       console.error(e);
-      const axiosError = e as { response?: { data?: string } };
-      setErrorMsg(axiosError.response?.data || '启动快速同步失败。');
+      setErrorMsg(extractErrorMessage(e, '启动快速同步失败。'));
       fetchStatus();
     }
   };
@@ -285,8 +285,7 @@ export function useSyncState() {
       startBatchPolling();
     } catch (e: unknown) {
       console.error(e);
-      const axiosError = e as { response?: { data?: string } };
-      setBatchError(axiosError.response?.data || '启动批量任务失败。');
+      setBatchError(extractErrorMessage(e, '启动批量任务失败。'));
     }
   };
 
@@ -296,8 +295,7 @@ export function useSyncState() {
       fetchBatchStatus();
     } catch (e: unknown) {
       console.error(e);
-      const axiosError = e as { response?: { data?: string } };
-      setBatchError(axiosError.response?.data || '停止任务失败。');
+      setBatchError(extractErrorMessage(e, '停止任务失败。'));
     }
   };
 
@@ -362,9 +360,8 @@ export function useSyncState() {
       setEstimatedCount(res.data.total);
     } catch (e: unknown) {
       console.error(e);
-      const axiosError = e as { response?: { data?: string } };
       setErrorMsg(
-        axiosError.response?.data || '估算文献总量失败，请检查 API 密钥或网络。'
+        extractErrorMessage(e, '估算文献总量失败，请检查 API 密钥或网络。')
       );
     } finally {
       setEstimating(false);
@@ -399,8 +396,7 @@ export function useSyncState() {
       setTimeout(fetchSyncQueries, 500);
     } catch (e: unknown) {
       console.error(e);
-      const axiosError = e as { response?: { data?: string } };
-      setErrorMsg(axiosError.response?.data || '启动元数据同步任务失败。');
+      setErrorMsg(extractErrorMessage(e, '启动元数据同步任务失败。'));
       fetchStatus();
     }
   };

dashboard/src/pages/LibraryPanel.tsx

@@ -15,13 +15,12 @@ import {
 import type { StandardPaper } from '../types';
 import { CustomSelect } from '../components/CustomSelect';
 import { PaperCard } from '../components/PaperCard';
+import type { TabId } from '../components/layout/Sidebar';
 
 interface LibraryPanelProps {
   library: StandardPaper[];
   fetchLibrary: () => Promise<void>;
-  setActiveTab: (
-    tab: 'search' | 'library' | 'reader' | 'citation' | 'sync'
-  ) => void;
+  setActiveTab: (tab: TabId) => void;
   onShowDetail: (paper: StandardPaper) => void;
   onOpenReader: (paper: StandardPaper) => void;
   onOpenCitation: (paper: StandardPaper) => void;

dashboard/src/pages/ObservationPanel.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,988 @@
+// dashboard/src/pages/ObservationPanel.tsx
+//
+// 观测数据标签页 —— 双视图切换：检索下载 / 缓存库
+//
+// 视图 A（检索下载）：
+//   表单(源/产品/子类型/坐标/release) → GET /observation/search → 候选源列表(可勾选)
+//   → POST /observation/download → 下载结果卡片
+//   标识符模式：textarea 输入 source_id → 直接 POST 下载
+//
+// 视图 B（缓存库）：
+//   GET /observation/list(分页+筛选) → 已缓存数据卡片网格 + 分页栏
+//
+// 数据源/产品选项由 GET /observation/capabilities 动态生成，不硬编码。
+import { useState, useMemo } from 'react';
+import {
+  Telescope,
+  Search,
+  X,
+  CheckCircle2,
+  AlertTriangle,
+  Download,
+  Loader2,
+  Activity,
+  HardDrive,
+  Database,
+  Send,
+  RotateCw,
+} from 'lucide-react';
+import { CustomSelect } from '../components/CustomSelect';
+import { ObservationResultCard } from '../components/observation/ObservationResultCard';
+import {
+  SOURCE_THEME,
+  PRODUCT_LABEL,
+  formatFileSize,
+} from '../components/observation/constants';
+import type { ObservationRecord, Candidate, CapabilitySpec } from '../types';
+import type { SearchForm } from '../hooks/useObservation';
+
+// ── 视图切换类型 ──
+type ViewMode = 'search' | 'library';
+
+interface ObservationPanelProps {
+  // 能力清单
+  capabilities: CapabilitySpec[];
+  currentSpec?: CapabilitySpec;
+  // 检索
+  searchForm: SearchForm;
+  setSearchForm: React.Dispatch<React.SetStateAction<SearchForm>>;
+  searchResults: Candidate[];
+  searching: boolean;
+  searchError: string | null;
+  runSearch: () => Promise<void>;
+  selectedSourceIds: Set<string>;
+  toggleSelect: (id: string) => void;
+  selectAll: () => void;
+  selectNone: () => void;
+  // 下载
+  downloading: boolean;
+  downloadResult: import('../components/observation/constants').ObservationBatchResult | null;
+  downloadError: string | null;
+  setDownloadResult: React.Dispatch<
+    React.SetStateAction<
+      import('../components/observation/constants').ObservationBatchResult | null
+    >
+  >;
+  downloadSelected: () => Promise<void>;
+  downloadByIds: (ids: string[]) => Promise<void>;
+  downloadByCoordinates: (strategy?: 'nearest' | 'all') => Promise<void>;
+  // 缓存库
+  libraryItems: ObservationRecord[];
+  libraryTotal: number;
+  libraryLoading: boolean;
+  libraryError: string | null;
+  fetchLibrary: () => Promise<void>;
+  libSource: string;
+  setLibSource: (v: string) => void;
+  libProduct: string;
+  setLibProduct: (v: string) => void;
+  libSearch: string;
+  setLibSearch: (v: string) => void;
+  libSort: 'created' | 'source' | 'product';
+  setLibSort: (v: 'created' | 'source' | 'product') => void;
+  libPage: number;
+  setLibPage: (p: number) => void;
+  libPageSize: number;
+  setLibPageSize: (s: number) => void;
+  resetLibraryFilters: () => void;
+}
+
+export function ObservationPanel(props: ObservationPanelProps) {
+  const [view, setView] = useState<ViewMode>('search');
+
+  return (
+    <div className="w-full max-w-5xl mx-auto space-y-6">
+      {/* 标题栏 */}
+      <div className="flex items-center justify-between mb-4 border-b border-slate-200 pb-4 select-none">
+        <div>
+          <h2 className="text-sm font-bold tracking-wider text-slate-900 uppercase">
+            观测数据
+          </h2>
+          <p className="text-xs text-slate-500 mt-1">
+            检索、下载与浏览多源观测数据（光谱 / 光变曲线 / 测光 / 图像）
+          </p>
+        </div>
+        {/* 二级视图切换 SegControl */}
+        <div className="flex items-center gap-1 bg-slate-100 p-1 rounded-lg border border-slate-200">
+          <button
+            onClick={() => setView('search')}
+            className={`px-3 py-1.5 rounded-md text-xs font-bold flex items-center gap-1.5 transition-all ${
+              view === 'search'
+                ? 'bg-white text-slate-800 shadow-xs'
+                : 'text-slate-500 hover:text-slate-700'
+            }`}
+          >
+            <Search className="w-3.5 h-3.5" />
+            检索下载
+          </button>
+          <button
+            onClick={() => setView('library')}
+            className={`px-3 py-1.5 rounded-md text-xs font-bold flex items-center gap-1.5 transition-all ${
+              view === 'library'
+                ? 'bg-white text-slate-800 shadow-xs'
+                : 'text-slate-500 hover:text-slate-700'
+            }`}
+          >
+            <Database className="w-3.5 h-3.5" />
+            缓存库
+          </button>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+
+      {view === 'search' ? (
+        <SearchView {...props} />
+      ) : (
+        <LibraryView {...props} />
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+// 视图 A：检索下载
+// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+function SearchView({
+  capabilities,
+  currentSpec,
+  searchForm,
+  setSearchForm,
+  searchResults,
+  searching,
+  searchError,
+  runSearch,
+  selectedSourceIds,
+  toggleSelect,
+  selectAll,
+  selectNone,
+  downloading,
+  downloadResult,
+  downloadError,
+  setDownloadResult,
+  downloadSelected,
+  downloadByIds,
+  downloadByCoordinates,
+}: ObservationPanelProps) {
+  const [inputMode, setInputMode] = useState<'coordinates' | 'identifiers'>(
+    'coordinates'
+  );
+  const [idsText, setIdsText] = useState('');
+
+  // 从 capabilities 派生选项
+  const sourceOptions = useMemo(() => {
+    const sources = Array.from(new Set(capabilities.map((c) => c.source)));
+    return [
+      ...sources.map((s) => ({
+        value: s,
+        label: SOURCE_THEME[s]?.label ?? s,
+      })),
+    ];
+  }, [capabilities]);
+
+  const productOptions = useMemo(() => {
+    const products = Array.from(
+      new Set(
+        capabilities
+          .filter((c) => c.source === searchForm.source)
+          .map((c) => c.product)
+      )
+    );
+    return products.map((p) => ({
+      value: p,
+      label: PRODUCT_LABEL[p] ?? p,
+    }));
+  }, [capabilities, searchForm.source]);
+
+  const subtypeOptions = useMemo(() => {
+    const cap = capabilities.find(
+      (c) =>
+        c.source === searchForm.source && c.product === searchForm.product
+    );
+    return (cap?.subtypes ?? []).map((s) => ({ value: s, label: s }));
+  }, [capabilities, searchForm.source, searchForm.product]);
+
+  // 当前选中源+产品的标识符格式提示
+  const identifierFormat = useMemo(() => {
+    return currentSpec?.identifier_format ?? undefined;
+  }, [currentSpec]);
+
+  // 当前源+产品支持的版本列表（供下拉）
+  const releaseOptions = useMemo(() => {
+    return (currentSpec?.releases ?? []).map((r) => ({
+      value: r,
+      label: r.toUpperCase(),
+    }));
+  }, [currentSpec]);
+
+  // LAMOST MRS 联动约束：MRS（中分辨率）从 DR7 起才支持，DR5/DR6 无 MRS 数据
+  const lamostMrsBlocked = useMemo(() => {
+    if (searchForm.source !== 'lamost' || searchForm.subtype !== 'mrs')
+      return null;
+    const rel = searchForm.release;
+    if (rel === 'dr5' || rel === 'dr6') {
+      return 'LAMOST 中分辨率（MRS）从 DR7 起才支持，当前版本无 MRS 数据';
+    }
+    return null;
+  }, [searchForm.source, searchForm.subtype, searchForm.release]);
+
+  const handleSubmitIds = () => {
+    const ids = idsText
+      .split(/[\s,;\n]+/)
+      .map((s) => s.trim())
+      .filter(Boolean);
+    if (ids.length > 0) downloadByIds(ids);
+  };
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-5">
+      {/* 表单卡片 */}
+      <div className="bg-white border border-slate-200 rounded-lg p-4 shadow-xs space-y-4">
+        {/* 输入模式切换 */}
+        <div className="flex items-center gap-2 text-xs font-bold">
+          <span className="text-slate-500">输入模式：</span>
+          <button
+            onClick={() => setInputMode('coordinates')}
+            className={`px-2.5 py-1 rounded-md transition-all ${
+              inputMode === 'coordinates'
+                ? 'bg-blueprint text-white'
+                : 'bg-slate-100 text-slate-600 hover:bg-slate-200'
+            }`}
+          >
+            坐标锥形检索
+          </button>
+          <button
+            onClick={() => setInputMode('identifiers')}
+            className={`px-2.5 py-1 rounded-md transition-all ${
+              inputMode === 'identifiers'
+                ? 'bg-blueprint text-white'
+                : 'bg-slate-100 text-slate-600 hover:bg-slate-200'
+            }`}
+          >
+            标识符直接下载
+          </button>
+        </div>
+
+        {/* 源 / 产品 / 子类型 / release 公共字段 */}
+        <div className="grid grid-cols-2 md:grid-cols-4 gap-3">
+          <Field label="数据源">
+            <CustomSelect
+              value={searchForm.source}
+              onChange={(v) => {
+                setSearchForm((f) => {
+                  // 切源后若当前产品不被新源支持，则回落到新源首个产品
+                  const newProducts = capabilities
+                    .filter((c) => c.source === v)
+                    .map((c) => c.product);
+                  const safeProduct = newProducts.includes(f.product)
+                    ? f.product
+                    : newProducts[0] ?? f.product;
+                  return { ...f, source: v, product: safeProduct, subtype: '' };
+                });
+              }}
+              className="w-full"
+              options={sourceOptions}
+            />
+          </Field>
+          <Field label="产品类型">
+            <CustomSelect
+              value={searchForm.product}
+              onChange={(v) =>
+                setSearchForm((f) => ({ ...f, product: v, subtype: '' }))
+              }
+              className="w-full"
+              options={productOptions}
+            />
+          </Field>
+          <Field label="子类型（可选）">
+            <CustomSelect
+              value={searchForm.subtype || '__none__'}
+              onChange={(v) =>
+                setSearchForm((f) => ({
+                  ...f,
+                  subtype: v === '__none__' ? '' : v,
+                }))
+              }
+              className="w-full"
+              options={[
+                { value: '__none__', label: '默认' },
+                ...subtypeOptions,
+              ]}
+            />
+          </Field>
+          <Field
+            label={
+              releaseOptions.length === 0
+                ? '数据发布版本'
+                : `数据发布版本（${releaseOptions.length}）`
+            }
+          >
+            {releaseOptions.length === 0 ? (
+              <div className="w-full px-2.5 py-2 rounded-md bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 text-slate-400 text-xs font-medium select-none">
+                该源不区分版本
+              </div>
+            ) : (
+              <CustomSelect
+                value={searchForm.release || '__none__'}
+                onChange={(v) =>
+                  setSearchForm((f) => ({
+                    ...f,
+                    release: v === '__none__' ? '' : v,
+                  }))
+                }
+                className="w-full"
+                options={[
+                  { value: '__none__', label: `默认${currentSpec?.default_release ? `（${currentSpec.default_release.toUpperCase()}）` : ''}` },
+                  ...releaseOptions,
+                ]}
+              />
+            )}
+          </Field>
+        </div>
+
+        {/* LAMOST MRS 版本约束提示 */}
+        {lamostMrsBlocked && (
+          <div className="flex items-center gap-2 text-xs text-amber-700 bg-amber-50 border border-amber-200 rounded-md p-2.5">
+            <AlertTriangle className="w-3.5 h-3.5 shrink-0" />
+            <span>{lamostMrsBlocked}</span>
+            <button
+              onClick={() =>
+                setSearchForm((f) => ({ ...f, subtype: 'lrs' }))
+              }
+              className="ml-auto px-2 py-0.5 rounded bg-amber-100 hover:bg-amber-200 text-amber-800 font-bold text-[10px]"
+            >
+              切换为 LRS
+            </button>
+          </div>
+        )}
+
+        {/* 坐标模式表单 */}
+        {inputMode === 'coordinates' && (
+          <>
+            <div className="grid grid-cols-3 gap-3">
+              <Field label="RA（度）">
+                <input
+                  type="number"
+                  step="0.0001"
+                  value={searchForm.ra}
+                  onChange={(e) =>
+                    setSearchForm((f) => ({ ...f, ra: e.target.value }))
+                  }
+                  placeholder="0~360"
+                  className="w-full px-2.5 py-2 rounded-md bg-slate-50 border border-slate-250 text-slate-900 placeholder-slate-400 focus:outline-none focus:border-blueprint focus:bg-white transition-all text-xs font-mono"
+                />
+              </Field>
+              <Field label="Dec（度）">
+                <input
+                  type="number"
+                  step="0.0001"
+                  value={searchForm.dec}
+                  onChange={(e) =>
+                    setSearchForm((f) => ({ ...f, dec: e.target.value }))
+                  }
+                  placeholder="-90~90"
+                  className="w-full px-2.5 py-2 rounded-md bg-slate-50 border border-slate-250 text-slate-900 placeholder-slate-400 focus:outline-none focus:border-blueprint focus:bg-white transition-all text-xs font-mono"
+                />
+              </Field>
+              <Field
+                label={`检索半径（度，建议 ≤${currentSpec?.suggested_max_radius_deg ?? 1}°）`}
+              >
+                <input
+                  type="number"
+                  step="0.01"
+                  max={currentSpec?.hard_max_radius_deg ?? 30}
+                  value={searchForm.radius}
+                  onChange={(e) =>
+                    setSearchForm((f) => ({ ...f, radius: e.target.value }))
+                  }
+                  placeholder={`默认 0.1，建议 ≤${currentSpec?.suggested_max_radius_deg ?? 1}°`}
+                  className="w-full px-2.5 py-2 rounded-md bg-slate-50 border border-slate-250 text-slate-900 placeholder-slate-400 focus:outline-none focus:border-blueprint focus:bg-white transition-all text-xs font-mono"
+                />
+              </Field>
+            </div>
+
+            {/* 半径超出建议值的警告（不阻止提交，由后端决定是否超时） */}
+            {currentSpec &&
+              parseFloat(searchForm.radius) >
+                currentSpec.suggested_max_radius_deg &&
+              parseFloat(searchForm.radius) <=
+                currentSpec.hard_max_radius_deg && (
+                <div className="flex items-center gap-2 text-xs text-amber-700 bg-amber-50 border border-amber-200 rounded-md p-2.5">
+                  <AlertTriangle className="w-3.5 h-3.5 shrink-0" />
+                  <span>
+                    当前半径 {searchForm.radius}° 超出建议值（≤
+                    {currentSpec.suggested_max_radius_deg}°），大范围查询可能因主表过大被服务端超时拒绝
+                  </span>
+                </div>
+              )}
+            <div className="flex items-center gap-2 pt-1">
+              <button
+                onClick={runSearch}
+                disabled={searching}
+                className="btn-console btn-console-primary px-4 py-2 rounded-md text-xs font-bold flex items-center gap-2 disabled:opacity-50"
+              >
+                {searching ? (
+                  <Loader2 className="w-3.5 h-3.5 animate-spin" />
+                ) : (
+                  <Search className="w-3.5 h-3.5" />
+                )}
+                {searching ? '检索中...' : '检索候选源'}
+              </button>
+              <span className="text-[10px] text-slate-400">
+                先检索候选源，勾选后再下载；或直接"按坐标下载全部"
+              </span>
+              <button
+                onClick={() => downloadByCoordinates('nearest')}
+                disabled={downloading}
+                className="ml-auto px-3 py-2 rounded-md text-xs font-bold flex items-center gap-1.5 bg-emerald-50 text-emerald-700 border border-emerald-200 hover:bg-emerald-100 disabled:opacity-50"
+              >
+                <Download className="w-3.5 h-3.5" />
+                直接下载最近
+              </button>
+            </div>
+          </>
+        )}
+
+        {/* 标识符模式表单 */}
+        {inputMode === 'identifiers' && (
+          <>
+            <Field label="源标识符列表（逗号/换行/空格分隔）">
+              <textarea
+                value={idsText}
+                onChange={(e) => setIdsText(e.target.value)}
+                rows={3}
+                placeholder={
+                  identifierFormat
+                    ? `格式：${identifierFormat}，如 65214031805717376`
+                    : '输入源标识符，多个用逗号或换行分隔'
+                }
+                className="w-full px-2.5 py-2 rounded-md bg-slate-50 border border-slate-250 text-slate-900 placeholder-slate-400 focus:outline-none focus:border-blueprint focus:bg-white transition-all text-xs font-mono"
+              />
+            </Field>
+            <button
+              onClick={handleSubmitIds}
+              disabled={downloading || !idsText.trim()}
+              className="btn-console btn-console-primary px-4 py-2 rounded-md text-xs font-bold flex items-center gap-2 disabled:opacity-50"
+            >
+              {downloading ? (
+                <Loader2 className="w-3.5 h-3.5 animate-spin" />
+              ) : (
+                <Send className="w-3.5 h-3.5" />
+              )}
+              下载标识符
+            </button>
+          </>
+        )}
+      </div>
+
+      {/* 检索错误 */}
+      {searchError && (
+        <div className="flex items-center gap-2 text-xs text-rose-700 bg-rose-50 border border-rose-200 rounded-md p-3">
+          <AlertTriangle className="w-4 h-4 shrink-0" />
+          <span>{searchError}</span>
+        </div>
+      )}
+
+      {/* 候选源检索结果 */}
+      {inputMode === 'coordinates' && searchResults.length > 0 && (
+        <div className="space-y-3">
+          <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
+            <h3 className="text-xs font-bold text-slate-700 flex items-center gap-1.5">
+              <Activity className="w-3.5 h-3.5 text-blueprint" />
+              候选源列表
+              <span className="text-slate-400 font-normal">
+                （共 {searchResults.length} 条命中）
+              </span>
+            </h3>
+            <div className="flex items-center gap-2 text-[10px]">
+              <button
+                onClick={selectAll}
+                className="text-blueprint hover:underline font-bold"
+              >
+                全选
+              </button>
+              <span className="text-slate-300">|</span>
+              <button
+                onClick={selectNone}
+                className="text-slate-500 hover:underline font-bold"
+              >
+                清空
+              </button>
+              <span className="text-slate-400 ml-2">
+                已选 {selectedSourceIds.size}
+              </span>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+
+          <div className="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-2">
+            {searchResults.map((c) => {
+              const theme = SOURCE_THEME[c.source] ?? SOURCE_THEME.lamost;
+              const checked = selectedSourceIds.has(c.source_id);
+              return (
+                <label
+                  key={c.source_id}
+                  className={`flex items-start gap-2 p-2.5 rounded-md border cursor-pointer transition-all ${
+                    checked
+                      ? 'border-blueprint bg-blueprint/5 ring-1 ring-blueprint'
+                      : 'border-slate-200 bg-white hover:border-slate-300'
+                  }`}
+                >
+                  <input
+                    type="checkbox"
+                    checked={checked}
+                    onChange={() => toggleSelect(c.source_id)}
+                    className="mt-0.5 w-3.5 h-3.5 accent-blueprint shrink-0"
+                  />
+                  <div className="min-w-0 flex-1">
+                    <div className="flex items-center gap-1.5 mb-1">
+                      <span
+                        className={`px-1.5 py-0.5 rounded text-[9px] font-bold ${theme.badge}`}
+                      >
+                        {theme.label}
+                      </span>
+                      <span className="font-mono text-[10px] text-slate-700 truncate font-semibold">
+                        {c.source_id}
+                      </span>
+                    </div>
+                    <div className="flex items-center gap-2 text-[10px] text-slate-500">
+                      {c.ra != null && c.dec != null && (
+                        <span className="font-mono">
+                          ({c.ra.toFixed(4)}, {c.dec.toFixed(4)})
+                        </span>
+                      )}
+                      {c.distance != null && (
+                        <span className="text-amber-600 font-medium">
+                          Δ = {c.distance.toFixed(4)}°
+                        </span>
+                      )}
+                    </div>
+                  </div>
+                </label>
+              );
+            })}
+          </div>
+
+          <button
+            onClick={downloadSelected}
+            disabled={downloading || selectedSourceIds.size === 0}
+            className="btn-console btn-console-primary px-4 py-2 rounded-md text-xs font-bold flex items-center gap-2 disabled:opacity-50"
+          >
+            {downloading ? (
+              <Loader2 className="w-3.5 h-3.5 animate-spin" />
+            ) : (
+              <Download className="w-3.5 h-3.5" />
+            )}
+            下载选中（{selectedSourceIds.size}）
+          </button>
+        </div>
+      )}
+
+      {/* 检索无结果提示 */}
+      {inputMode === 'coordinates' &&
+        !searching &&
+        searchResults.length === 0 &&
+        !searchError &&
+        searchForm.ra &&
+        searchForm.dec && (
+          <div className="text-center py-8 text-xs text-slate-400">
+            <Telescope className="w-8 h-8 mx-auto mb-2 text-slate-300" />
+            该天区无匹配候选源，可尝试调整半径或更换数据源
+          </div>
+        )}
+
+      {/* 下载错误 */}
+      {downloadError && (
+        <div className="flex items-center gap-2 text-xs text-rose-700 bg-rose-50 border border-rose-200 rounded-md p-3">
+          <AlertTriangle className="w-4 h-4 shrink-0" />
+          <span>{downloadError}</span>
+        </div>
+      )}
+
+      {/* 下载结果 */}
+      {downloadResult && (
+        <div className="space-y-2">
+          <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
+            <h3 className="text-xs font-bold text-slate-700 flex items-center gap-1.5">
+              <CheckCircle2 className="w-3.5 h-3.5 text-emerald-600" />
+              下载结果
+            </h3>
+            <button
+              onClick={() => setDownloadResult(null)}
+              className="text-[10px] text-slate-400 hover:text-slate-600"
+            >
+              <X className="w-3 h-3" />
+            </button>
+          </div>
+          <ObservationResultCard result={downloadResult} />
+        </div>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+// 视图 B：缓存库
+// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+function LibraryView({
+  libraryItems,
+  libraryTotal,
+  libraryLoading,
+  libraryError,
+  fetchLibrary,
+  libSource,
+  setLibSource,
+  libProduct,
+  setLibProduct,
+  libSearch,
+  setLibSearch,
+  libSort,
+  setLibSort,
+  libPage,
+  setLibPage,
+  libPageSize,
+  setLibPageSize,
+  resetLibraryFilters,
+}: ObservationPanelProps) {
+  const totalPages = Math.max(1, Math.ceil(libraryTotal / libPageSize));
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-5">
+      {/* 概览统计 */}
+      <div className="grid grid-cols-3 gap-3">
+        <StatCard
+          icon={<Database className="w-4 h-4 text-blueprint" />}
+          label="缓存条目"
+          value={libraryTotal.toString()}
+        />
+        <StatCard
+          icon={<HardDrive className="w-4 h-4 text-star" />}
+          label="当前页"
+          value={`${libraryItems.length} 条`}
+        />
+        <StatCard
+          icon={<Activity className="w-4 h-4 text-emerald-600" />}
+          label="页码"
+          value={`${libPage} / ${totalPages}`}
+        />
+      </div>
+
+      {/* 筛选工具栏 */}
+      <div className="flex flex-col sm:flex-row gap-3 bg-white p-4 rounded-lg border border-slate-200 shadow-sm text-xs font-semibold text-slate-700">
+        <div className="flex-1 space-y-1.5">
+          <label className="block text-slate-500 font-bold">
+            source_id 检索
+          </label>
+          <div className="relative">
+            <Search className="absolute left-3 top-1/2 -translate-y-1/2 text-slate-400 w-3.5 h-3.5" />
+            <input
+              type="text"
+              value={libSearch}
+              onChange={(e) => setLibSearch(e.target.value)}
+              placeholder="按 source_id 模糊匹配..."
+              className="w-full pl-9 pr-8 py-2 rounded-md bg-slate-50 border border-slate-250 text-slate-900 placeholder-slate-400 focus:outline-none focus:border-blueprint focus:bg-white transition-all text-xs font-medium"
+            />
+            {libSearch && (
+              <button
+                type="button"
+                onClick={() => setLibSearch('')}
+                className="absolute right-2.5 top-1/2 -translate-y-1/2 text-slate-400 hover:text-slate-600 p-0.5"
+              >
+                <X className="w-3 h-3" />
+              </button>
+            )}
+          </div>
+        </div>
+
+        <Field label="数据源" compact>
+          <CustomSelect
+            value={libSource}
+            onChange={setLibSource}
+            className="w-full"
+            options={[
+              { value: 'all', label: '全部源' },
+              { value: 'lamost', label: 'LAMOST' },
+              { value: 'gaia', label: 'Gaia' },
+              { value: 'sdss', label: 'SDSS' },
+              { value: 'desi', label: 'DESI' },
+            ]}
+          />
+        </Field>
+
+        <Field label="产品类型" compact>
+          <CustomSelect
+            value={libProduct}
+            onChange={setLibProduct}
+            className="w-full"
+            options={[
+              { value: 'all', label: '全部' },
+              { value: 'spectrum', label: '光谱' },
+              { value: 'lightcurve', label: '光变曲线' },
+              { value: 'photometry', label: '测光' },
+              { value: 'image', label: '图像' },
+            ]}
+          />
+        </Field>
+
+        <Field label="排序" compact>
+          <CustomSelect
+            value={libSort}
+            onChange={(v) => setLibSort(v as 'created' | 'source' | 'product')}
+            className="w-full"
+            options={[
+              { value: 'created', label: '最近缓存' },
+              { value: 'source', label: '按数据源' },
+              { value: 'product', label: '按产品' },
+            ]}
+          />
+        </Field>
+
+        <div className="flex items-end gap-2">
+          <button
+            onClick={resetLibraryFilters}
+            className="btn-console px-3 py-2 rounded-md text-xs font-bold flex items-center gap-1.5"
+          >
+            <X className="w-3 h-3" />
+            重置
+          </button>
+          <button
+            onClick={fetchLibrary}
+            className="btn-console px-3 py-2 rounded-md text-xs font-bold flex items-center gap-1.5"
+          >
+            <RotateCw className="w-3 h-3" />
+            刷新
+          </button>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+
+      {/* 错误提示 */}
+      {libraryError && (
+        <div className="flex items-center gap-2 text-xs text-rose-700 bg-rose-50 border border-rose-200 rounded-md p-3">
+          <AlertTriangle className="w-4 h-4 shrink-0" />
+          <span>{libraryError}</span>
+        </div>
+      )}
+
+      {/* 加载态 */}
+      {libraryLoading && (
+        <div className="flex flex-col items-center justify-center py-12 text-slate-500">
+          <Loader2 className="w-8 h-8 animate-spin text-blueprint mb-2" />
+          <span className="text-xs">正在加载缓存库...</span>
+        </div>
+      )}
+
+      {/* 空态 */}
+      {!libraryLoading && libraryItems.length === 0 && !libraryError && (
+        <div className="flex flex-col items-center justify-center py-16 text-slate-400">
+          <Database className="w-10 h-10 mb-3 text-slate-300" />
+          <p className="text-xs font-medium">缓存库为空</p>
+          <p className="text-[10px] mt-1">
+            切换到「检索下载」视图获取观测数据后会自动缓存到此
+          </p>
+        </div>
+      )}
+
+      {/* 列表 */}
+      {!libraryLoading && libraryItems.length > 0 && (
+        <>
+          <div className="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-3">
+            {libraryItems.map((rec) => (
+              <LibraryCard key={`${rec.source}|${rec.product}|${rec.source_id}`} rec={rec} />
+            ))}
+          </div>
+
+          {/* 分页栏 */}
+          <div className="flex items-center justify-between flex-wrap gap-3 pt-4 border-t border-slate-200 text-xs font-semibold text-slate-600">
+            <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
+              <span>每页</span>
+              <CustomSelect
+                size="sm"
+                value={libPageSize}
+                onChange={(v) => {
+                  setLibPageSize(v);
+                  setLibPage(1);
+                }}
+                options={[
+                  { value: 12, label: '12' },
+                  { value: 24, label: '24' },
+                  { value: 48, label: '48' },
+                ]}
+              />
+              <span>条 · 共 {libraryTotal} 条</span>
+            </div>
+            <div className="flex items-center gap-1.5">
+              <button
+                onClick={() => setLibPage(1)}
+                disabled={libPage <= 1}
+                className="px-2.5 py-1.5 rounded-md bg-white border border-slate-200 hover:bg-slate-50 disabled:opacity-40 font-bold"
+              >
+                首页
+              </button>
+              <button
+                onClick={() => setLibPage(libPage - 1)}
+                disabled={libPage <= 1}
+                className="px-2.5 py-1.5 rounded-md bg-white border border-slate-200 hover:bg-slate-50 disabled:opacity-40 font-bold"
+              >
+                上一页
+              </button>
+              <span className="px-2 font-mono">
+                {libPage} / {totalPages}
+              </span>
+              <button
+                onClick={() => setLibPage(libPage + 1)}
+                disabled={libPage >= totalPages}
+                className="px-2.5 py-1.5 rounded-md bg-white border border-slate-200 hover:bg-slate-50 disabled:opacity-40 font-bold"
+              >
+                下一页
+              </button>
+              <button
+                onClick={() => setLibPage(totalPages)}
+                disabled={libPage >= totalPages}
+                className="px-2.5 py-1.5 rounded-md bg-white border border-slate-200 hover:bg-slate-50 disabled:opacity-40 font-bold"
+              >
+                末页
+              </button>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        </>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+// 局部子组件
+// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+function Field({
+  label,
+  children,
+  compact = false,
+}: {
+  label: string;
+  children: React.ReactNode;
+  compact?: boolean;
+}) {
+  return (
+    <div className={compact ? 'w-full sm:w-36 space-y-1.5 font-bold' : 'space-y-1.5'}>
+      <label className="block text-slate-500 font-bold text-xs">{label}</label>
+      {children}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+function StatCard({
+  icon,
+  label,
+  value,
+}: {
+  icon: React.ReactNode;
+  label: string;
+  value: string;
+}) {
+  return (
+    <div className="bg-white border border-slate-200 rounded-lg p-3 shadow-xs">
+      <div className="flex items-center gap-1.5 text-[10px] font-bold text-slate-500 tracking-wider uppercase mb-1.5">
+        {icon}
+        <span>{label}</span>
+      </div>
+      <div className="text-base font-bold text-slate-800">{value}</div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+function LibraryCard({ rec }: { rec: ObservationRecord }) {
+  const theme = SOURCE_THEME[rec.source] ?? SOURCE_THEME.lamost;
+  const productLabel = PRODUCT_LABEL[rec.product] ?? rec.product;
+
+  let artifacts: Array<{ path: string; format: string; size?: number; band?: string }> = [];
+  try {
+    const parsed = JSON.parse(rec.artifacts_json);
+    if (Array.isArray(parsed)) artifacts = parsed;
+  } catch {
+    // ignore
+  }
+  const totalSize = artifacts.reduce(
+    (acc, a) => acc + (typeof a.size === 'number' ? a.size : 0),
+    0
+  );
+
+  return (
+    <div className="bg-white border border-slate-200 rounded-lg p-3.5 shadow-xs hover:shadow-md hover:border-slate-300 transition-all">
+      <div className="flex items-center justify-between mb-2 pb-2 border-b border-slate-100">
+        <div className="flex items-center gap-1.5">
+          <span className={`px-2 py-0.5 rounded text-[10px] font-bold ${theme.badge}`}>
+            {theme.label}
+          </span>
+          <span className="px-2 py-0.5 rounded text-[10px] font-bold bg-slate-200 text-slate-700">
+            {productLabel}
+          </span>
+        </div>
+        <span className="text-[9px] text-slate-400 font-mono">
+          {rec.created_at.replace('T', ' ').slice(0, 19)}
+        </span>
+      </div>
+
+      <div className="flex items-center justify-between mb-2">
+        <div className="min-w-0">
+          <div className="text-[9px] font-bold text-slate-400 tracking-widest uppercase">
+            Source ID
+          </div>
+          <div className="font-mono text-xs text-slate-800 font-semibold truncate" title={rec.source_id}>
+            {rec.source_id}
+          </div>
+        </div>
+        {rec.ra != null && rec.dec != null && (
+          <div className="text-right shrink-0 ml-2">
+            <div className="text-[9px] font-bold text-slate-400 tracking-widest uppercase">
+              坐标
+            </div>
+            <div className="font-mono text-[10px] text-slate-600">
+              {rec.ra.toFixed(4)}, {rec.dec.toFixed(4)}
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        )}
+      </div>
+
+      {artifacts.length === 0 ? (
+        <p className="text-[10px] text-slate-400 italic">产物清单缺失</p>
+      ) : (
+        <div className="space-y-1">
+          {artifacts.map((a, i) => (
+            <div
+              key={i}
+              className="flex items-center justify-between text-[10px] pl-2 border-l-2 border-slate-100"
+            >
+              <span className="text-slate-500 flex items-center gap-1 min-w-0">
+                {a.band && (
+                  <span className="px-1 py-0.5 rounded bg-violet-100 text-violet-700 font-medium shrink-0">
+                    {a.band}
+                  </span>
+                )}
+                <span className="font-mono uppercase shrink-0">{a.format}</span>
+                <span className="text-slate-400">
+                  · {typeof a.size === 'number' ? formatFileSize(a.size) : '—'}
+                </span>
+              </span>
+              <a
+                href={`/api/files/${a.path}`}
+                target="_blank"
+                rel="noopener noreferrer"
+                className="flex items-center gap-0.5 font-bold text-sky-600 hover:text-sky-800 hover:underline shrink-0 ml-2"
+              >
+                <Download className="w-3 h-3" />
+              </a>
+            </div>
+          ))}
+          {artifacts.length > 1 && (
+            <div className="flex items-center gap-1 text-[10px] text-slate-400 pt-1">
+              <CheckCircle2 className="w-3 h-3" />
+              <span>
+                共 {artifacts.length} 个文件 · 合计 {formatFileSize(totalSize)}
+              </span>
+            </div>
+          )}
+        </div>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+}

dashboard/src/pages/ResearchAgentPanel.tsx

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { AgentInputArea } from '../components/agent/AgentInputArea';
 import type { StandardPaper } from '../types';
 import type { useCitations } from '../hooks/useCitations';
 import type { useLibrary } from '../hooks/useLibrary';
+import type { TabId } from '../components/layout/Sidebar';
 
 interface ResearchAgentPanelProps {
   showConfirm?: (
@@ -14,9 +15,7 @@ interface ResearchAgentPanelProps {
   ) => void;
   showAlert?: (message: string, title?: string) => void;
   openReader?: (paper: StandardPaper, skipTabSwitch?: boolean) => void;
-  setActiveTab?: (
-    tab: 'search' | 'library' | 'reader' | 'citation' | 'sync' | 'agent'
-  ) => void;
+  setActiveTab?: (tab: TabId) => void;
   citations?: ReturnType<typeof useCitations>;
   library?: ReturnType<typeof useLibrary>;
 }

dashboard/src/pages/SearchPanel.tsx

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import {
 import type { StandardPaper } from '../types';
 import { CustomSelect } from '../components/CustomSelect';
 import { PaperCard } from '../components/PaperCard';
+import type { TabId } from '../components/layout/Sidebar';
 
 interface SearchPanelProps {
   searchQuery: string;
@@ -40,9 +41,7 @@ interface SearchPanelProps {
   selectedPaper: StandardPaper | null;
   setSelectedPaper: (paper: StandardPaper | null) => void;
   openReader: (paper: StandardPaper) => void;
-  setActiveTab: (
-    tab: 'search' | 'library' | 'reader' | 'citation' | 'sync'
-  ) => void;
+  setActiveTab: (tab: TabId) => void;
   loadCitations: (bibcode: string, reset?: boolean) => void;
   showAlert: (msg: string, title?: string) => void;
   onShowDetail: (paper: StandardPaper) => void;

dashboard/src/types/index.ts

@@ -206,3 +206,53 @@ export interface RetryResponse {
   deleted_count: number;
   session_id: string;
 }
+
+// ── 观测数据 (observation_cache) ──
+// 镜像后端 src/services/observation/cache.rs::ObservationCacheRow
+// 与 src/services/observation/types.rs::Artifact
+
+export interface ObservationArtifactRecord {
+  path: string;
+  format: string;
+  size?: number;
+  band?: string;
+  original_name?: string;
+}
+
+export interface ObservationRecord {
+  source: string; // lamost / gaia / sdss / desi
+  product: string; // spectrum / lightcurve / photometry / image
+  source_id: string;
+  ra?: number | null;
+  dec?: number | null;
+  artifacts_json: string; // JSON 字符串，前端解析为 ObservationArtifactRecord[]
+  meta_json?: string | null;
+  created_at: string;
+}
+
+// ── 观测数据检索：候选源 (镜像 services::observation::fetcher::Candidate) ──
+
+export interface Candidate {
+  source: string;
+  source_id: string;
+  label: string;
+  ra?: number | null;
+  dec?: number | null;
+  distance?: number | null;
+  raw?: Record<string, unknown>;
+}
+
+// ── 观测数据能力清单 (镜像 services::observation::registry::CapabilitySpec) ──
+
+export interface CapabilitySpec {
+  source: string;
+  product: string;
+  subtypes: string[];
+  releases: string[];
+  default_release?: string | null;
+  suggested_max_radius_deg: number;
+  hard_max_radius_deg: number;
+  identifier_format?: string | null;
+  supports_coordinates: boolean;
+  supports_identifiers: boolean;
+}

dashboard/src/utils/apiError.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// dashboard/src/utils/apiError.ts
+//
+// 统一的 axios 错误消息提取工具
+//
+// 后端 AppError 序列化为 JSON 对象 { "error": "..." }（src/api/error.rs），
+// 而非纯字符串。若直接存入 React state 并在 JSX 渲染，会触发
+// React error #31（Objects are not valid as a React child）。
+// 本工具按优先级从 axios 错误中提取人类可读字符串。
+
+interface AxiosLikeError {
+  response?: { data?: unknown; status?: number };
+  message?: string;
+}
+
+/// 从 axios 错误中提取人类可读的字符串消息
+///
+/// 优先级：response.data 为字符串 → 对象里的 error/message/detail/description
+/// → 整体 JSON 序列化兜底 → axios message → fallback
+export function extractErrorMessage(
+  e: unknown,
+  fallback: string
+): string {
+  const axiosError = e as AxiosLikeError;
+  const data = axiosError?.response?.data;
+  if (typeof data === 'string') return data;
+  if (data && typeof data === 'object') {
+    const obj = data as Record<string, unknown>;
+    for (const key of ['error', 'message', 'detail', 'description']) {
+      const v = obj[key];
+      if (typeof v === 'string') return v;
+    }
+    // 整个 JSON 序列化兜底（避免渲染 [object Object]）
+    try {
+      return JSON.stringify(data);
+    } catch {
+      return fallback;
+    }
+  }
+  return axiosError?.message || fallback;
+}