//! 对流区温度修正。
//!
//! 重构自 TLUSTY `conref.f`
//!
//! # 功能
//!
//! 对对流区进行温度修正：
//! - 计算各深度点的温度梯度 DELTA
//! - 使用混合长度理论计算对流通量
//! - 迭代修正温度以满足能量守恒
//! - 处理辐射/对流通量分配

use crate::state::constants::{HALF, SIG4P, UN};

// ============================================================================
// 常量
// ============================================================================

/// 2/3 (用于幂次计算)
const TWO_THR: f64 = 0.6666666666666667;

/// 1/3 (用于幂次计算)
const ONE_THR: f64 = 0.3333333333333333;

// ============================================================================
// 配置结构体
// ============================================================================

/// CONREF 配置参数。
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct ConrefConfig {
    /// 混合长度参数 (HMIX0)
    pub hmix0: f64,
    /// 对流模式 (ICONV)
    pub iconv: i32,
    /// 深度标志 (INDL)
    pub indl: i32,
    /// 对流通量限制 (CRFLIM)
    pub crflim: f64,
    /// 深对流模式 (IDEEPC)
    pub ideepc: i32,
    /// 对流区间隙允许 (NDCGAP)
    pub ndcgap: i32,
    /// 最小对流深度 (IDCONZ)
    pub idconz: i32,
    /// 对数梯度标志 (ILGDER)
    pub ilgder: i32,
    /// 盘模式标志 (IDISK)
    pub idisk: i32,
    /// 不透明度表标志 (IOPTAB)
    pub ioptab: i32,
    /// Rybicki 标志 (IFRYB)
    pub ifryb: i32,
    /// 迭代计数 (ITER)
    pub iter: i32,
    /// IMUCON 迭代阈值
    pub imucon: i32,
    /// 打印标志 (IPCONF)
    pub ipconf: i32,
    /// 表面重力 (GRAV)
    pub grav: f64,
    /// 盘引力参数 (QGRAV)
    pub qgrav: f64,
    /// 对流常数 A (ACONML)
    pub aconml: f64,
    /// 对流常数 B (BCONML)
    pub bconml: f64,
    /// 对流常数 C (CCONML)
    pub cconml: f64,
}

impl Default for ConrefConfig {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            hmix0: 1.0,
            iconv: 0,
            indl: 0,
            crflim: 0.1,
            ideepc: 0,
            ndcgap: 2,
            idconz: 25,
            ilgder: 0,
            idisk: 0,
            ioptab: 0,
            ifryb: 0,
            iter: 0,
            imucon: 9999,
            ipconf: 0,
            grav: 1e4,
            qgrav: 0.0,
            aconml: 1.0,
            bconml: 1.0,
            cconml: 1.0,
        }
    }
}

// ============================================================================
// 输入/输出结构体
// ============================================================================

/// CONREF 输入参数。
pub struct ConrefParams<'a> {
    /// 深度点数 (ND)
    pub nd: usize,
    /// 有效温度 (TEFF)
    pub teff: f64,
    /// 配置
    pub config: ConrefConfig,
    // 深度相关数组 (nd)
    /// 温度 (TEMP)
    pub temp: &'a mut [f64],
    /// 总压力 (PTOTAL)
    pub ptotal: &'a [f64],
    /// 气压 (PGS)
    pub pgs: &'a [f64],
    /// 总粒子密度 (DENS)
    pub dens: &'a [f64],
    /// 湍流速度 (VTURB)
    pub vturb: &'a [f64],
    /// Rosseland 不透明度 (ABROSD)
    pub abrosd: &'a [f64],
    /// 辐射通量 (FLRD)
    pub flrd: &'a [f64],
    /// 对流通量 (FLXC) - 输出
    pub flxc: &'a mut [f64],
    /// Delta 温度梯度 (DELTA) - 输出
    pub delta: &'a mut [f64],
    /// 分子质量 (WMM)
    pub wmm: &'a [f64],
    /// 电子密度 (ELEC)
    pub elec: &'a mut [f64],
    // 盘模式特定
    /// 角速度参数 (THETAV)
    pub thetav: &'a [f64],
    /// 几何深度 (ZD)
    pub zd: &'a [f64],
}

/// CUBCON 通用块数据 (对流计算中间量)。
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
pub struct CubconData {
    /// 对流常数 A
    pub a: f64,
    /// 对流常数 B (BCNV)
    pub b: f64,
    /// 有效梯度差
    pub del: f64,
    /// 绝热梯度 (GRDADB)
    pub grdadb: f64,
    /// 中间变量
    pub delmde: f64,
    /// 密度
    pub rho: f64,
    /// 总通量
    pub flxtot: f64,
    /// 引力加速度
    pub gravd: f64,
}

/// CONREF 输出结果。
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct ConrefOutput {
    /// 对流区起始深度 (ICBEG, 1-based)
    pub icbeg: usize,
    /// 对流区结束深度 (ICEND, 1-based)
    pub icend: usize,
    /// 是否进行了修正
    pub modified: bool,
}

// ============================================================================
// 核心计算函数
// ============================================================================

/// 对流区温度修正 (CONREF)。
///
/// # 参数
///
/// * `params` - 输入参数
///
/// # 返回值
///
/// 返回 `ConrefOutput`，包含对流区范围和修正状态。
///
/// # Fortran 原始代码
///
/// ```fortran
/// SUBROUTINE CONREF
///   INCLUDE 'IMPLIC.FOR'
///   INCLUDE 'BASICS.FOR'
///   INCLUDE 'MODELQ.FOR'
///   INCLUDE 'ARRAY1.FOR'
///   COMMON/CUBCON/ACNV,BCNV,DEL,GRDADB,DELMDE,RHO,FLXTOT,GRAVD
///   ...
/// END
/// ```
pub fn conref_pure(params: &mut ConrefParams) -> ConrefOutput {
    let nd = params.nd;
    let config = &params.config.clone();

    // 检查是否需要处理
    if config.iconv <= 0 && config.indl == 0 {
        return ConrefOutput {
            icbeg: 0,
            icend: 0,
            modified: false,
        };
    }

    // 计算表面总通量
    let flxto0 = SIG4P * params.teff.powi(4);
    let dltnd = params.delta[nd - 1];

    // 临时数组
    let mut idcon = vec![0i32; nd];
    let mut flxtt = vec![0.0f64; nd];
    let mut delta0 = vec![0.0f64; nd];

    // 保存初始 delta
    for id in 0..nd {
        delta0[id] = params.delta[id];
    }

    // 第一遍：计算对流梯度
    let mut icbeg: usize = 0;
    let mut icend: usize = 0;
    let mut cubcon = CubconData::default();

    for id in 1..nd {
        let t = params.temp[id];
        let p = params.ptotal[id];
        let pg = params.pgs[id];
        let prad = p - pg - HALF * params.dens[id] * params.vturb[id].powi(2);

        let tm = params.temp[id - 1];
        let pm = params.ptotal[id - 1];
        let pgm = params.pgs[id - 1];
        let pradm = pm - pgm - HALF * params.dens[id - 1] * params.vturb[id - 1].powi(2);

        // 计算中间点值
        let (t0, p0, pg0, pr0, ab0, dlt) = if config.ilgder == 0 {
            // 线性平均
            let t0 = HALF * (t + tm);
            let p0 = HALF * (p + pm);
            let pg0 = HALF * (pg + pgm);
            let pr0 = HALF * (prad + pradm);
            let ab0 = HALF * (params.abrosd[id] + params.abrosd[id - 1]);
            let dlt = if (p - pm).abs() > 1e-30 {
                (t - tm) / (p - pm) * p0 / t0
            } else {
                0.0
            };
            (t0, p0, pg0, pr0, ab0, dlt)
        } else {
            // 对数平均
            let t0 = (t * tm).sqrt();
            let p0 = (p * pm).sqrt();
            let pg0 = (pg * pgm).sqrt();
            let pr0 = (prad * pradm).sqrt();
            let ab0 = (params.abrosd[id] * params.abrosd[id - 1]).sqrt();
            let dlt = if t > 0.0 && tm > 0.0 && p > 0.0 && pm > 0.0 {
                (t / tm).ln() / (p / pm).ln()
            } else {
                0.0
            };
            (t0, p0, pg0, pr0, ab0, dlt)
        };

        params.delta[id] = dlt;

        // 计算总通量和引力
        if config.idisk == 0 {
            cubcon.flxtot = flxto0;
            cubcon.gravd = config.grav;
        } else {
            cubcon.flxtot = flxto0 * (UN - params.thetav[id]);
            cubcon.gravd = config.qgrav * params.zd[id];
        }
        flxtt[id] = cubcon.flxtot;

        // 简化的对流计算
        let (flxcnv, _, grdadb) = compute_convection_simple(
            id + 1, t0, p0, pg0, pr0, ab0, dlt, config, cubcon.flxtot, cubcon.gravd,
        );

        params.flxc[id] = flxcnv;
        cubcon.grdadb = grdadb;

        // 标记对流点
        idcon[id] = if flxcnv > 0.0 { 1 } else { 0 };

        // 检测对流区起始
        if icbeg == 0 && params.flxc[id] > 0.0 && params.flxc[id - 1] == 0.0 && id > config.idconz as usize {
            icbeg = id + 1; // 1-based
        }
        if icbeg > 0 && params.flxc[id] > 0.0 {
            icend = id + 1; // 1-based
        }
    }

    // 修正算法：处理对流区中的间隙
    let mut icbeg0 = icbeg;

    if config.ideepc > 0 {
        if icend == nd - 1 && config.ideepc == 2 {
            icend = nd;
        }

        // 从 icend 向前搜索对流区起始
        let mut icbegd = icend;
        for id in ((config.idconz + 1) as usize..=icend).rev() {
            let idx = id - 1; // 转换为 0-indexed
            if idcon[idx] > 0 {
                icbegd = id;
            } else {
                // 检查是否有间隙
                let mut igap = 0;
                let start = (idx as i32 - config.ndcgap).max(0) as usize;
                for idd in start..idx {
                    if idcon[idd] > 0 {
                        igap = 1;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if igap > 0 {
                    icbegd = id;
                } else {
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        icbeg0 = icbegd;
    }

    if config.ideepc == 3 {
        icend = nd;
    }

    // 如果没有对流区，直接返回
    if icbeg0 == 0 || icend == 0 {
        return ConrefOutput {
            icbeg: 0,
            icend: 0,
            modified: false,
        };
    }

    // 对流区温度修正
    let mut modified = false;

    // 检查对流区起始点附近的温度振荡
    if icbeg0 >= 3 {
        let t1 = params.temp[icbeg0 - 2];
        let t2 = params.temp[icbeg0 - 1];
        let t3 = params.temp[icbeg0];
        if t2 < t1 && t2 < t3 {
            params.temp[icbeg0 - 1] = HALF * (t1 + t3);
            modified = true;
        }
    }

    // 对流区迭代修正
    for id in icbeg0..=icend {
        let idx = id - 1; // 0-indexed
        let t = params.temp[idx];
        let p = params.ptotal[idx];
        let pg = params.pgs[idx];
        let prad = p - pg - HALF * params.dens[idx] * params.vturb[idx].powi(2);

        let tm = params.temp[idx - 1];
        let pm = params.ptotal[idx - 1];
        let pgm = params.pgs[idx - 1];
        let pradm = pm - pgm - HALF * params.dens[idx - 1] * params.vturb[idx - 1].powi(2);

        // 计算中间点值
        let (t0, p0, pg0, pr0, ab0, ppd) = if config.ilgder == 0 {
            let t0 = HALF * (t + tm);
            let p0 = HALF * (p + pm);
            let pg0 = HALF * (pg + pgm);
            let pr0 = HALF * (prad + pradm);
            let ab0 = HALF * (params.abrosd[idx] + params.abrosd[idx - 1]);
            let ppd = (p + pm) / (p - pm);
            (t0, p0, pg0, pr0, ab0, ppd)
        } else {
            let t0 = (t * tm).sqrt();
            let p0 = (p * pm).sqrt();
            let pg0 = (pg * pgm).sqrt();
            let pr0 = (prad * pradm).sqrt();
            let ab0 = (params.abrosd[idx] * params.abrosd[idx - 1]).sqrt();
            let ppd = 0.0; // 对数模式下不使用
            (t0, p0, pg0, pr0, ab0, ppd)
        };

        // 计算总通量
        if config.idisk == 0 {
            cubcon.flxtot = flxto0;
            cubcon.gravd = config.grav;
        } else {
            cubcon.flxtot = flxto0 * (UN - params.thetav[idx]);
            cubcon.gravd = config.qgrav * params.zd[idx];
        }

        // 所需对流通量
        let mut fcnv = cubcon.flxtot - params.flrd[idx];
        if fcnv <= 0.0 {
            fcnv = cubcon.flxtot * (UN - params.flrd[idx] / params.flrd[1]);
        }
        if fcnv < 0.0 {
            fcnv = 0.001 * cubcon.flxtot;
        }

        // 温度迭代
        let mut t_iter = t;
        let mut dlt = params.delta[idx];

        for _iic in 0..10 {
            let (t0_iter, dlt_iter) = if config.ilgder == 0 {
                let t0_iter = HALF * (t_iter + tm);
                let dlt_iter = (t_iter - tm) / (p - pm) * p0 / t0_iter;
                (t0_iter, dlt_iter)
            } else {
                let t0_iter = (t_iter * tm).sqrt();
                let dlt_iter = (t_iter / tm).ln() / (p / pm).ln();
                (t0_iter, dlt_iter)
            };

            dlt = dlt_iter;
            params.delta[idx] = dlt;

            // 如果对流显著，计算修正
            if params.flxc[idx] / cubcon.flxtot > config.crflim {
                let (_, fc0, grdadb) = compute_convc1_simple(
                    idx + 1, t0_iter, p0, pg0, pr0, ab0, dlt, config, cubcon.flxtot, cubcon.gravd,
                );

                cubcon.grdadb = grdadb;

                if fc0 > 0.0 {
                    let deltae = (fcnv / fc0).powf(TWO_THR);
                    let deltaa = deltae + cubcon.b * deltae.sqrt();
                    dlt = deltaa + cubcon.grdadb;
                }
            }

            let told = t_iter;

            if config.ilgder == 0 {
                let dlp = dlt / ppd;
                t_iter = tm * (UN + dlp) / (UN - dlp);
            } else {
                t_iter = tm * (p / pm).powf(dlt);
            }

            let dtt = (t_iter - told) / told;
            if dtt.abs() < 1e-9 {
                break;
            }
        }

        if (t_iter - params.temp[idx]).abs() > 1e-10 {
            modified = true;
        }

        params.delta[idx] = dlt;
        params.temp[idx] = t_iter;
    }

    // 高级修正过程 (iter >= imucon)
    if config.iter >= config.imucon {
        // 新的精细修正
        for id in icbeg0..=nd {
            let idx = id - 1;
            let t = params.temp[idx];
            let p = params.ptotal[idx];
            let tm = params.temp[idx - 1];
            let pm = params.ptotal[idx - 1];

            let pg = params.pgs[idx];
            let pgm = params.pgs[idx - 1];
            let pg0 = (pg * pgm).sqrt();

            let prad = p - pg - HALF * params.dens[idx] * params.vturb[idx].powi(2);
            let pradm = pm - pgm - HALF * params.dens[idx - 1] * params.vturb[idx - 1].powi(2);
            let pr0 = (prad * pradm).sqrt();

            let t0 = (t * tm).sqrt();
            let p0 = (p * pm).sqrt();
            let ab0 = (params.abrosd[idx] * params.abrosd[idx - 1]).sqrt();
            let dlt = (t / tm).ln() / (p / pm).ln();

            let (_, fc0, grdadb) = compute_convc1_simple(
                idx + 1, t0, p0, pg0, pr0, ab0, dlt, config, flxtt[idx], cubcon.gravd,
            );

            let alp = params.flrd[idx].min(flxtt[idx]) / t0.powi(4) / dlt;
            let fcnv = flxtt[idx] - params.flrd[idx];

            if fcnv <= 0.0 || fc0 <= 0.0 {
                // 辐射主导
                if flxtt[idx] < params.flrd[idx] {
                    let alp_new = flxtt[idx] / params.flrd[idx] * t0.powi(4) * delta0[idx];
                    let mut t_iter = t;

                    for _ in 0..20 {
                        let t1 = UN / t_iter;
                        let dltp = t1 / (p / pm).ln();
                        let dele = alp_new - t_iter.powi(4) * dlt;
                        let delep = -t_iter.powi(4) * dlt * (2.0 * t1 + dltp / dlt);
                        let dt = -dele / delep * t1;

                        if dt.abs() < 1e-6 {
                            break;
                        }
                        t_iter = t_iter * (UN + dt);
                    }

                    params.temp[idx] = t_iter;
                    params.delta[idx] = (t_iter / tm).ln() / (p / pm).ln();
                    modified = true;
                }
            } else {
                // 对流主导
                let bet = cubcon.b / t0.powi(3);
                let deltae = (fcnv / fc0).powf(TWO_THR);
                let deltaa = deltae + cubcon.b * deltae.sqrt();
                let mut dlt_new = deltaa + grdadb;

                let mut t_iter = tm * (p / pm).powf(dlt_new);

                // Newton 迭代
                for _ in 0..20 {
                    let t1 = UN / t_iter;
                    let t0_new = (t_iter * tm).sqrt();
                    let dlt_new = (t_iter / tm).ln() / (p / pm).ln();

                    let dele = (flxtt[idx] - alp * t0_new.powi(4) * dlt_new) / fc0;
                    let dele3 = dele.powf(ONE_THR);
                    let dltp = t1 / (p / pm).ln();

                    let delep = -alp * t0_new.powi(4) * dlt_new / fc0 * (2.0 * t1 + dltp / dlt_new);
                    let vl = dlt_new - grdadb - dele3 * (dele3 + bet * t0_new.powi(3));
                    let bb = dltp - TWO_THR * delep / dele3
                        - bet * t0_new.powi(3) * dele3 * (1.5 * t1 + ONE_THR * delep / dele);

                    let dt = -vl / bb * t1;

                    if dt.abs() < 1e-9 {
                        break;
                    }
                    t_iter = t_iter * (UN + dt);
                }

                params.delta[idx] = (t_iter / tm).ln() / (p / pm).ln();
                params.temp[idx] = t_iter;
                modified = true;
            }
        }
    }

    ConrefOutput {
        icbeg: icbeg0,
        icend: icend,
        modified,
    }
}

/// 简化的对流计算 (内部使用)。
///
/// 返回 (flxcnv, vcon, grdadb)
fn compute_convection_simple(
    _id: usize,
    t0: f64,
    pt0: f64,
    pg0: f64,
    _pr0: f64,
    ab0: f64,
    dlt: f64,
    config: &ConrefConfig,
    flxtot: f64,
    gravd: f64,
) -> (f64, f64, f64) {
    // 如果对流被禁用
    if config.hmix0 < 0.0 {
        return (0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
    }

    // 绝热梯度近似 (单原子理想气体 = 0.4)
    let grdadb = 0.4;

    // 检查对流不稳定性
    let ddel = dlt - grdadb;
    if ddel < 0.0 {
        return (0.0, 0.0, grdadb);
    }

    // 计算引力
    let grav = if config.idisk == 1 { gravd } else { config.grav };
    if grav == 0.0 {
        return (0.0, 0.0, grdadb);
    }

    // 粗略估计密度
    let rho = if t0 > 0.0 {
        pt0 / (t0 * 1.38e-16 * grav)
    } else {
        1e-7
    };

    // 混合长度
    let hmix = if config.hmix0 == 0.0 { 1.0 } else { config.hmix0 };

    // 压力标高
    let hscale = pt0 / rho / grav;

    // 对流速度
    let vco = hmix * (config.aconml * pt0 / rho).abs().sqrt();

    // 对流系数
    let flco = config.bconml * rho * t0 * hmix / 12.5664;

    // 光学厚度
    let taue = hmix * ab0 * rho * hscale;

    // 辐射耗散因子
    let fac = taue / (UN + HALF * taue * taue);

    // 参数 B (参考 Mihalas)
    let b = 5.67e-5 * t0.powi(3) / (rho * vco) * fac * config.cconml * HALF;

    // 参数 D
    let d = b * b / 2.0;
    let disc = d / 2.0 + ddel;

    // 计算有效 DLT
    let dlt_eff = if disc >= 0.0 {
        let val = d + ddel - b * disc.sqrt();
        if val < 0.0 { 0.0 } else { val }
    } else {
        0.0
    };

    // 对流速度和通量
    let vconv = vco * dlt_eff.sqrt();
    let flxcnv = flco * vconv * dlt_eff;

    (flxcnv, vconv, grdadb)
}

/// 简化的 CONVC1 计算 (返回 fc0)。
///
/// 返回 (flxcnv, fc0, grdadb)
fn compute_convc1_simple(
    _id: usize,
    t0: f64,
    pt0: f64,
    pg0: f64,
    _pr0: f64,
    ab0: f64,
    dlt: f64,
    config: &ConrefConfig,
    flxtot: f64,
    gravd: f64,
) -> (f64, f64, f64) {
    // 如果对流被禁用
    if config.hmix0 < 0.0 {
        return (0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
    }

    // 绝热梯度近似
    let grdadb = 0.4;

    // 计算引力
    let grav = if config.idisk == 1 { gravd } else { config.grav };
    if grav == 0.0 {
        return (0.0, 0.0, grdadb);
    }

    // 估计密度
    let rho = if t0 > 0.0 {
        pt0 / (t0 * 1.38e-16 * grav)
    } else {
        1e-7
    };

    // 混合长度
    let hmix = if config.hmix0 == 0.0 { 1.0 } else { config.hmix0 };

    // 压力标高
    let hscale = pt0 / rho / grav;

    // 对流速度
    let vco = hmix * (config.aconml * pt0 / rho).abs().sqrt();

    // 对流系数
    let flco = config.bconml * rho * t0 * hmix / 12.5664;

    // FC0 = FLCO * VCO
    let fc0 = flco * vco;

    // 检查对流不稳定性
    let ddel = dlt - grdadb;
    if ddel < 0.0 {
        return (0.0, fc0, grdadb);
    }

    // 光学厚度
    let taue = hmix * ab0 * rho * hscale;

    // 辐射耗散因子
    let fac = taue / (UN + HALF * taue * taue);

    // 参数 B
    let b = 5.67e-5 * t0.powi(3) / (rho * vco) * fac * config.cconml * HALF;

    // 参数 D
    let d = b * b / 2.0;
    let disc = d / 2.0 + ddel;

    // 计算有效 DLT
    let dlt_eff = if disc >= 0.0 {
        let val = d + ddel - b * disc.sqrt();
        if val < 0.0 { 0.0 } else { val }
    } else {
        0.0
    };

    // 对流速度和通量
    let vconv = vco * dlt_eff.sqrt();
    let flxcnv = flco * vconv * dlt_eff;

    (flxcnv, fc0, grdadb)
}

// ============================================================================
// I/O 函数
// ============================================================================

/// 格式化对流区信息。
pub fn format_convective_refinement(icbeg: usize, icend: usize) -> String {
    format!(
        "\n convective refinement between depths {:4}{:4}\n",
        icbeg, icend
    )
}

// ============================================================================
// 测试
// ============================================================================

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    /// 测试用的参数构建器
    struct TestParamsBuilder {
        nd: usize,
        teff: f64,
        config: ConrefConfig,
    }

    impl TestParamsBuilder {
        fn new(nd: usize) -> Self {
            Self {
                nd,
                teff: 35000.0,
                config: ConrefConfig::default(),
            }
        }

        fn config(mut self, config: ConrefConfig) -> Self {
            self.config = config;
            self
        }

        fn build(self) -> ConrefParams<'static> {
            let nd = self.nd;

            // 创建拥有所有权的向量
            let mut temp = vec![0.0; nd];
            let mut ptotal = vec![0.0; nd];
            let mut pgs = vec![0.0; nd];
            let mut dens = vec![0.0; nd];
            let mut vturb = vec![0.0; nd];
            let mut abrosd = vec![0.0; nd];
            let mut flrd = vec![0.0; nd];
            let mut flxc = vec![0.0; nd];
            let mut delta = vec![0.0; nd];
            let mut wmm = vec![0.0; nd];
            let mut elec = vec![0.0; nd];
            let mut thetav = vec![0.0; nd];
            let mut zd = vec![0.0; nd];

            // 填充测试数据
            for i in 0..nd {
                temp[i] = 10000.0 + i as f64 * 100.0;
                ptotal[i] = 1e5 + i as f64 * 1e4;
                pgs[i] = ptotal[i] * 0.99;
                dens[i] = 1e-7;
                vturb[i] = 0.0;
                abrosd[i] = 0.1;
                flrd[i] = 1e10;
                flxc[i] = 0.0;
                delta[i] = 0.0;
                wmm[i] = 1.0;
                elec[i] = 1e12;
                thetav[i] = 0.0;
                zd[i] = 1e10 * (i + 1) as f64;
            }

            // 使用 Box::leak 创建 'static 引用
            ConrefParams {
                nd,
                teff: self.teff,
                config: self.config,
                temp: Box::leak(temp.into_boxed_slice()),
                ptotal: Box::leak(ptotal.into_boxed_slice()),
                pgs: Box::leak(pgs.into_boxed_slice()),
                dens: Box::leak(dens.into_boxed_slice()),
                vturb: Box::leak(vturb.into_boxed_slice()),
                abrosd: Box::leak(abrosd.into_boxed_slice()),
                flrd: Box::leak(flrd.into_boxed_slice()),
                flxc: Box::leak(flxc.into_boxed_slice()),
                delta: Box::leak(delta.into_boxed_slice()),
                wmm: Box::leak(wmm.into_boxed_slice()),
                elec: Box::leak(elec.into_boxed_slice()),
                thetav: Box::leak(thetav.into_boxed_slice()),
                zd: Box::leak(zd.into_boxed_slice()),
            }
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_conref_no_convection() {
        let config = ConrefConfig {
            iconv: 0,
            indl: 0,
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let mut params = TestParamsBuilder::new(50).config(config).build();
        let output = conref_pure(&mut params);

        // iconv <= 0 且 indl == 0 时应该直接返回
        assert_eq!(output.icbeg, 0);
        assert_eq!(output.icend, 0);
        assert!(!output.modified);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_conref_disabled_hmix() {
        let config = ConrefConfig {
            hmix0: -1.0,
            iconv: 1,
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let mut params = TestParamsBuilder::new(50).config(config).build();
        let output = conref_pure(&mut params);

        // 对流被禁用时不应该有对流区
        assert_eq!(output.icbeg, 0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_conref_basic() {
        let config = ConrefConfig {
            iconv: 1,
            hmix0: 1.0,
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let mut params = TestParamsBuilder::new(50).config(config).build();
        let output = conref_pure(&mut params);

        // 验证基本功能
        // 由于简化实现，结果可能是没有对流区或有限对流
        assert!(output.icbeg <= 50);
        assert!(output.icend <= 50);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_compute_convection_simple_stable() {
        let config = ConrefConfig::default();
        // dlt = 0.1 < grdadb = 0.4，稳定，无对流
        let (flxcnv, vconv, grdadb) = compute_convection_simple(
            1, 10000.0, 1e5, 1e5, 0.0, 0.1, 0.1, &config, 1e10, 0.0
        );
        assert_eq!(flxcnv, 0.0);
        assert_eq!(vconv, 0.0);
        assert!((grdadb - 0.4).abs() < 1e-10);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_compute_convection_simple_disabled() {
        let config = ConrefConfig {
            hmix0: -1.0,
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let (flxcnv, vconv, grdadb) = compute_convection_simple(
            1, 10000.0, 1e5, 1e5, 0.0, 0.1, 0.5, &config, 1e10, 0.0
        );
        assert_eq!(flxcnv, 0.0);
        assert_eq!(vconv, 0.0);
        assert_eq!(grdadb, 0.0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_compute_convc1_simple() {
        let config = ConrefConfig::default();
        let (flxcnv, fc0, grdadb) = compute_convc1_simple(
            1, 10000.0, 1e5, 1e5, 0.0, 0.1, 0.1, &config, 1e10, 0.0
        );

        // fc0 应该被计算
        assert!(fc0 >= 0.0);
        assert!((grdadb - 0.4).abs() < 1e-10);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_format_convective_refinement() {
        let msg = format_convective_refinement(10, 40);
        assert!(msg.contains("10"));
        assert!(msg.contains("40"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_cubcon_data() {
        let data = CubconData::default();
        assert_eq!(data.a, 0.0);
        assert_eq!(data.b, 0.0);
        assert_eq!(data.grdadb, 0.0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_conref_disk_mode() {
        let config = ConrefConfig {
            idisk: 1,
            iconv: 1,
            hmix0: 1.0,
            qgrav: 1e-10,
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let mut params = TestParamsBuilder::new(50).config(config).build();
        let output = conref_pure(&mut params);

        // 盘模式应该正常工作
        assert!(output.icbeg <= 50);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_conref_with_ilgder() {
        let config = ConrefConfig {
            ilgder: 1,
            iconv: 1,
            hmix0: 1.0,
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let mut params = TestParamsBuilder::new(50).config(config).build();
        let output = conref_pure(&mut params);

        // 对数平均模式应该正常工作
        assert!(output.icbeg <= 50);
    }
}